![INTERSTELLAR BLEND “SPICE” POLYPHENOL POWERHOUSE (100 Spices in 1)](https://interstellarsuperherbs.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/016474DB-6524-463F-88CC-FFE2150A71F6.jpeg)
INTERSTELLAR “SPICE” Polyphenol Powerhouse 200:1
April 16, 2018![](https://interstellarsuperherbs.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/7E88CE5B-C3A4-474D-AA4B-4CB68273B612.jpeg)
ACB : PI3K / AKT / mTOR / Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor 200:1
June 6, 2018SPICE & PEEL 20:1 COMBO – Save 33%!
$150.00 Original price was: $150.00.$100.00Current price is: $100.00.
20:1 PEEL 100g is $75
20:1 SPICE 100g is $75
Combo for $100 (save $50!)
INTERSTELLAR PEEL BLEND FLAVONOID POWERHOUSE
Insulin Sensitivity Restorer/ Diabetes Destroyer
20:1 100g = 37.5 1 tsp servings
*20:1 means it takes 20kg to make 1kg
Fix the oxidative stress and you fix the insulin resistance. Diabetes is a byproduct of free radical damage. Flavonoids are the most powerful free radical scavengers on the planet. The vast majority of flavonoids are in the PEELS— the part everyone THROWS AWAY! No wonder diabetes and insulin resistance is rampant! Don’t believe me??? Check your blood sugar now and eat some orange peels for a few days and check again and you will see a HUGE improvement.
“We demonstrate that the pathways for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress are coordinately up-regulated in both the liver and adipose tissue of mice fed an HFD before the onset of insulin resistance through discrete mechanism. “
FLAVONOIDS LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE
“Flavonoids from all 5 subgroups have been shown to attenuate a rise in or to reduce blood pressure during several pathological conditions (hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus). Flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and flavanols were able to modulate blood pressure by restoring endothelial function, either directly, by affecting nitric oxide levels, or indirectly, through other pathways.”
Oxidative stress shortens telomeres
“Telomeres in most human cells shorten with each round of DNA replication, because they lack the enzyme telomerase. This is not, however, the only determinant of the rate of loss of telomeric DNA. Oxidative damage is repaired less well in telomeric DNA than elsewhere in the chromosome, and oxidative stress accelerates telomere loss, whereas antioxidants decelerate it.”
“Co-occurrence of anxiety–depression like behaviors and memory deficits in rats correlates with elevated oxidative stress.”
Oxidative Stress and Anxiety: Relationship and Cellular Pathways
Anxiety is an alarm going off in your brain saying, “Yo!!! Yeah you!!! We got problems!!!”
“High O2 consumption, modest antioxidant defenses and a lipid-rich constitution make the brain highly vulnerable to redox imbalances. Oxidative damage in the brain causes nervous system impairment. Recently, oxidative stress has also been implicated in depression, anxiety disorders and high anxiety levels. The findings which establish a link between oxidative stress and pathological anxiety have inspired a number of other recent studies focusing on the link between oxidative status and normal anxiety and also on a possible causal relationship between cellular oxidative stress and emotional stress. This review examines the recent discoveries made on the link between oxidative status and normal anxiety levels and the putative role of oxidative stress in genesis of anxiety. We discuss the different opinions and questions that exist in the field and review the methodological approaches that are being used to determine a causal relationship between oxidative and emotional stress.”
Oxidative stress, cellular senescence and aging
“Almost a half century ago, the free radical theory of aging proposed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key component which contributes to the pathophysiology of aging in mammalian cells. Over the years, numerous studies have documented the role of oxidative stress caused by ROS in the aging process of higher organisms. In particular, several age-associated disease models suggest that ROS and oxidative stress modulate the incidence of age-related pathologies, and that it can strongly influence the aging process and possibly lifespan. The exact mechanism of ROS and oxidative stress-induced age-related pathologies is not yet very clear. Damage to biological macromolecules caused by ROS is thought to result in many age-related chronic diseases. At the cellular level, increased ROS leads to cellular senescence among other cellular fates including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. ”
Excessive caloric intake acutely causes oxidative stress
“These results suggest that the initial event caused by overnutrition may be oxidative stress, which produces insulin resistance, at least in part, via carbonylation and oxidation-induced inactivation of GLUT4.”
Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders
Acute oxidative stress and the ketogenic diet
Autophagy as a Molecular Target of Flavonoids Underlying their Protective Effects in Human Disease.
“Autophagy is a cellular pathway with the ability to maintain cell homeostasis through the elimination of damaged or useless cellular components, and its deregulation may initiate or aggravate different human diseases. Flavonoids, a group of plant metabolites, are able to modulate different molecular and cellular processes including autophagy.
Analyzed publications indicated that imbalance between cell death and survival induced by changes in autophagy play an important role in the pathophysiology of a number of human diseases. The use of different flavonoids as autophagy modulators, alone or in combination with other molecules, might be a worthy strategy in the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic diseases, leishmaniasis, influenza, gastric ulcers produced by Helicobacter pylori infection, diabetes, asthma, age-related macular degeneration or osteoporosis.”
When you turn off RLIP76 in mice they can’t get cancer, diabetes or become obese.
2-Hydroxyflavanone inhibits RLIP76 and can be found naturally in parsley, onion peels, berries, tea, and citrus fruit peels.
RLIP76 inhibition (via FLAVONOIDS IN orange peel) prevents Obesity, Metabolic syndrome and cancer
“Feeding a Western high-fat diet (HFD) to C57BL/6 mice induces obesity, associated with a chronic inflammatory state, lipid transport, and metabolic derangements, and organ system effects that particularly prominent in the kidneys. Here, we report that RLIP76 homozygous knock-out (RLIP76−/−) mice are highly resistant to obesity as well as these other features of metabolic syndrome caused by HFD. The normal increase in pro-inflammatory and fibrotic markers associated with HFD induced obesity in wild-type C57B mice was broadly and nearly completely abrogated in RLIP76−/− mice. This is a particularly striking finding because chemical markers of oxidative stress including lipid hydroperoxides and alkenals were significantly higher in RLIP76−/− mice. Whereas HFD caused marked suppression of AMPK in wild-type C57B mice, RLIP76−/−.
The baseline renal function was reduced in mice had baseline activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which was not further affected by HFDRLIP76−/− mice as compared with wild-type, but was unaffected by HFD, in marked contrast to severe renal impairment and glomerulopathy in the wild-type mice given HFD. Our findings confirm a fundamental role of RLIP76 in regulating the function of obesity-promoting pro-inflammatory cytokines, and provide a novel mechanism for targeted therapy of obesity and metabolic syndrome.”https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3743508/
“When you get rid of this [RLIP76] gene in a mouse, it would appear that the mouse can’t get obese, it can’t get diabetes, it can’t get high cholesterol and it can’t get cancer,” explained Sanjay Awasthi, M.D., professor in the Division of Molecular Diabetes Research at City of Hope hospital.
RLIP76, a Glutathione-Conjugate Transporter, Plays a Major Role in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome
Our recently published studies demonstrate that RLIP76−/− mice used for these studies were found to have marked insulin-sensitivity, and blood glucose was 46% lower than in RLIP76+/+animals (p<0.001). RLIP76−/− mice also had lower total serum cholesterol and triglycerides (43% and 40% of control, respectively; p<0.01) [1]. The hypoglycemia in RLIP76−/− mice is particularly remarkable because markers of oxidative-stress are remarkably increased in the tissues of the RLIP76−/− animals [1], [23]–[25]. Thus, in the absence of RLIP76, increases in these lipid-peroxidation products are insufficient by themselves to turn on any signaling pathway that can increase BG or lipids. Increased gluconeogenesis was particularly remarkable given that the activity of key gluconeogenic enzymes, G6Pase, F1,6-BPase, and PEPCK, in liver of RLIP76−/− mice was significantly inhibited.
Enhanced basal pAMPK levels in RLIP76−/− mice was another salient finding which strengthens the postulate that RLIP76 is a highly effective target for developing interventional strategies for MSy. Resveratrol, commonly used anti-oxidant, is known to activate AMPK which could contribute to its protective effects from high fat diet induced insulin-resistance [53], [54]. AMPK protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo HMG-CoA, which is key regulatory enzyme of sterol synthesis [43], [47]. HMG-CoA limits the rate of cholesterol synthesis in liver tissue. Lipitor, inhibitor of HMG-CoA, exerts anti-inflammatory effects by lowering plasma cholesterol. Activation of AMPK leads to the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by the phosphorylation of HMG-CoA reductase [43]. Loss of RLIP76 significantly affects the activation of stress and apoptosis pathway proteins [1], [25], [35]. Activation of AMPK leads to the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by the phosphorylation of HMGCR. AMPK activation would be a good approach to treat T2D. These medications generally function to increase the effectiveness of insulin-mediated postprandial inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. These findings provide a new insight on the mechanisms of action of hypoglycemic and/or hypolipidemic drugs.
RLIP76 knock-out mice survive well and are active. In our extensive and previously published studies, RLIP76 inhibition specifically leads to targeting signaling of importance in diabetes mellitus and other oxidative stress related conditions like cancers where targeting RLIP76 leads to selective cancer cell death without affecting the survival of normal cells and tissues [1],[31]–[33]. Hence, both global and selectively targeted approaches can be reasonably pursued as required while targeting RLIP76. In conclusion, our results suggest that RLIP76 is a key effector controlled by multiple proteins known to regulate the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and that in its absence drugs that target these proteins will fail to function. The specific events that regulate the transport-effector/clathrin-endocytosis activity of RLIP76 (i.e. phosphorylation of RLIP76 by JNK, Akt, AMPK) will be explored in the future studies.
2′-Hydroxyflavanone (a flavonoid in orange peel): A novel strategy for targeting breast cancer
Intake of citrus fruits is known to reduce the risk for incidence of breast cancer. Hence, we tested the efficacy of citrus flavonoid 2′-hydroxyflavanone (2HF) in breast cancer. 2HF inhibited survival, clonogenic ability, cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. 2HF also decreased VEGF levels and inhibited migratory capacity of breast cancer cells. Administration of 2HF led to regression of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 tumors in the mice xenograft model. 2HF decreased the levels of RLIP76 both studies and MDA-MB-231 xenograft model of breast cancer. Western blot and histopathological analyses of resected tumors showed a decline in the levels of survival and proliferation markers Ki67, pAkt, survivin, and cell cycle proteins CDK4 and cyclin B1. 2HF treatment led to inhibition of angiogenesis as determined by decreased VEGF levels and angiogenesis marker CD31 . 2HF reversed the pro-/anti-apoptotic ratio of BAX/BCL-2 by decreasing anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and increasing pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and BIM . 2HF also decreased the mesenchymal markers vimentin and fibronectin along with causing a parallel increase in pro-differentiation protein E-cadherin. Collectively, the ability of 2HF to decrease RLIP76, VEGF and regulate critical proliferative, apoptotic and differentiation proteins together provides strong rationale to further develop 2HF based interventions for targeting breast cancer.
It takes about 16 oranges to get a good dose of 2HF. Get the INTERSTELLAR PEEL BLEND instead in either 20:1 or 200:1 concentrations which is like eating that many oranges in just a few small scoops!
AWESOME MADE CONVENIENT!
INGREDIENTS:
Annona cherimola Mill.(cherimoya) peel
Antihyperglycemic Activity of Annona cherimola Miller and Rutin on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
“It can be concluded from the data that EEAc is beneficial in controlling the blood glucose level in experimental diabetic rats and according to in vivo studies it acts as α-glucosidase inhibitor. This effect can be attributed in part to the presence of flavonol glycoside, rutin. In addition, results validate the use of A. cherimola in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Finally, it is the first bioassay-guided about the chemistry and antidiabetic properties of A. cherimola.”
Apple peel extract (malus domestica)
“An increasing number of studies indicate that regular intake of fruits and vegetables have clear links to reduced risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The beneficial effects in many cases have been attributed to the phenolic and antioxidant content of the fruits and vegetables. Apples are a major source of fiber and contain good dietary phenolics with antioxidant function.
Previous epidemiological studies have indicated that intake of apples reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Our studies indicate that this reduced risk is potentially because of the modulation of postprandial glucose increase by phenolics present in apples via inhibition ofα‐glucosidase. Phenolic content was evaluated during 3 months of postharvest storage of four varieties of apples and results indicated positive linkage to enhanced postharvest preservation andα‐glucosidase inhibition. These in vitro results along with existing epidemiological studies provide strong biochemical rationale for further animal or human clinical studies.”
Banana peel (Musa Cavendish) extract
In vitro antioxidant, hypoglycemic and oral glucose tolerance test of banana peels
“Banana fruit is claimed to have antidiabetic effects despite its high calorie content, and its peels also contain vital phytoconstituents including gallocatechin. Previously banana pulp has been studied for antihyperglycemic effects, and in the present investigation antihyperglycemic effect of ethanolic extract of inner peels of Musa sapientum (EMS), Musa paradisiaca (EMP), Musa cavendish (EMC) and Musa acuminata (EMA) fruit was evaluated using oral glucose tolerance test in normoglycemic rats. In vitro antioxidant study was conducted using DPPH, H2O2 radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. Wistar rats were divided into fourteen groups and twelve groups received different doses of aforementioned extracts, while control group received gum acacia solution and remaining group received standard drug, glimepiride. All the rats received glucose load at a dose of 2 g/kg body weight. Groups treated with EMC and EMA showed significant decrease in glucose level (p < 0.01) at 150 min as compared to control group. In hypoglycemic study, only EMP 500 mg/kg, p.o. treated group revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glucose level at 120 min, while other groups did not show any sign of hypoglycemia. In glucose tolerance test, animals treated with EMC and EMA depicted dose dependent antihyperglycemic effect at 150 min while EMS and EMP showed significant reduction in plasma glucose at higher doses. In a similar fashion, EMA i.e. M. acuminata demonstrated highest antioxidant activity followed by EMC against DPPH radical. In ferric reducing power and H2O2 scavenging assay, EMA demonstrated maximal antioxidant activity when compared with other extracts.”
Benincasa hispida peel extract
The Pharmacological Importance of Benincasa hispida
“Benincasa hispida phytochemical analysis showed that the major constituents of Benincasa hispida fruits are volatile oils , flavonoids, glycosides, sacchrides, proteins, carotenes, vitamins, minerals, ß-sitosterin and uronic acid. The pharmacological studies revealed that the plant exerted many pharmacological activities , including central nervous effects ( anxiolytic , muscle relaxant , antidepressant , in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and to minimize opiates withdrawal signs), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiasthmatic, diuretic , nephroprotective , antidiabetic , hypolipidemic and antimicrobial effects .”
Bitter Orange peel extract (Citrus aurantium)
“Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder caused by partial or complete insulin deficiency, which produces inadequate glucose control and leads to acute and chronic complications. Premature and extensive arteriosclerosis involving renal, peripheral, and cardiovascular vessels remain the major complication of diabetes mellitus. Alteration in the serum lipid profile is known to occur in diabetes and this is likely to increase the risk for coronary heart disease. A reduction in serum lipids, particularly of the LDL and VLDL fraction and triglycerides, should be considered as being beneficial for the long-term prognosis of these patients.13 Lowering of blood glucose and plasma lipid levels through dietary modification and drug therapy seems to be associated with a decrease in the risk of vascular disease. In the present study, treatment with Citrus aurantium ethanolic extract (500 mg/kg b.w.) in normal rats produced significant decrease in blood glucose level. The hypoglycemic effect may be due to increased secretion of insulin from the b-cells of the pancreas, i.e., pancreatotrophic action.14 The results were comparable with that of tolbutamide, which acts by stimulation of insulin release,15 thus further confirming that the extract lowers the blood glucose by a similar action.
Moreover, Citrus aurantium produced significant beneficial effects in the lipid profile in euglycemic rats, reducing triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL, and increasing HDL, significantly. The ethanolic extract increased secretion of insulin from b-cells of pancreas; this increased secretion of insulin stimulates fatty acid biosynthesis and also the incorporation of fatty acids into triglycerides in the liver and adipose tissue.16 Alloxan, a beta cytotoxin, induces ‘chemical diabetes’ in a wide variety of animal species by damaging the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas. Literature sources indicate that alloxan rats are hyperglycemic.17 The use of lower doses of alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w./i.p.) produced a partial destruction of pancreatic b-cells even though the animals became permanently diabetic. Thus, these animals have surviving b-cells and regeneration is possible.18 It is well known that the sulfonylureas (tolbutamide) act by directly stimulating the b-cells of the Islets of Langerhans More Details to release more insulin and these compounds are active in mild alloxan-induced diabetes where as they.17 Since our results show that tolbutamide reduced the blood glucose levels in the diabetic animals, the state of diabetes is not severe.
Prolonged administration of an ethanolic extract of Citrus aurantium leads to significant reduction in blood glucose level, which is in agreement with other studies.18,20 The hypoglycemic activity of the drug was due to the regeneration of pancreatic cells that were partially destroyed by alloxan, and potentiation of insulin secretion from surviving b-cells of the islets of Langerhans.21 Diabetic rats were observed to have increased plasma lipids, which are responsible for several cardiovascular disorders.22 The higher lipid levels seen in diabetic rats was due to increased mobilization of free fatty acids from peripheral depots and also due to lipolysis caused by hormones.23,24 The ethanolic extract leads to regeneration of the b-cells of the pancreas and potentiation of insulin secretion from surviving b-cells; the increase in insulin secretion and the consequent decrease in blood glucose level may lead to inhibition of lipid peroxidation and control of lipolytic hormones.
In this context, a number of other plants have also been reported to have antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and insulin stimulatory effects.25,26,27 It is well known that LDL plays an important role in arteriosclerosis and that hypercholesterolemia is associated with a defect relating to the lack of LDL receptors. The decrease of cholesterol and LDL levels achieved by administration of ethanolic extract, demonstrates a possible protection against hypercholesterolemia and the harm this condition brings about. Further studies are needed to identify the chemical constituents of the ethanolic extract of Citrus aurantium that may be responsible for the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity.”
Blueberry peel extract
“This study was designed to evaluate cultivar variations in phenolic content, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity of peel and flesh; and to determine their potential inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase in 33 blueberry (Vaccinium species) cultivars, including 29 rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) blueberries, two V. ashei hybrid derivatives, and two northern highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The relation of phenolic, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity to α-glucosidase inhibition in blueberries also was investigated. It was found that peel tissue possessed higher levels of total anthocyanins (TA), total phenolics (TP), antioxidant capacity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than flesh tissue in all blueberries tested. The percentage contributions of peel to whole berry on scavenging capacity against peroxyl free radicals (ROO), hydroxyl radicals (
OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and singlet oxygen (1O2) radicals, were higher than those of flesh, even though the fruit contained much higher amounts of flesh than peel in terms of dry weight. Cultivars with high levels of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities could be selected for use in blueberry breeding programs to develop new lines with improved health benefits.”
Camellia sinensis fruit peel extract
“Tea fruit peel is the main byproduct during manufacture of tea seed oil. The great increase in tea seed oil production in recent years brings the challenge of finding application for tea fruit peel. The aims of this study were to obtain tea fruit peel extracts enriched with bioactive compounds by several solvent extraction methods and to evaluate their antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro. Flavonoids and phenolics were accumulated in ethyl acetate, butanol, and chloroform fractions, and these fractions possessed much better antioxidant activities, including scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radicals (ABTS
+), and reducing activity, compared with those of the 75% ethanol extract and water fraction. Moreover, the ethyl acetate, butanol, and chloroform fractions exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, much stronger than that of the positive control (acarbose). These fractions also showed mild inhibition on α-amylase activity.
► Tea fruit peel extracts could be used as natural antioxidant agents. ► Some fractions exhibited excellent inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase. ► Tea fruit peel can be developed as a renewable bioresource.”
Chinese Honey Orange peel extract (Citrus reticulata Blanco)
“Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Murcot (honey) is one of the most important fruit tree crops in Pakistan. A detailed study regarding total antioxidant capacity (TAC), radical scavenging, antidiabetic and antimicrobial effects of the essential oils from leaves (CRL) and rind (CRR) of this plant were investigated. Essential oils obtained from steam distillation process were subjected to 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulpohonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation decolourization, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2.2’-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical decolourization, lipid peroxide inhibition using linoleic acid emulsion, superoxide anion radical scavenging and iron chelation activity assays. A linear correlation was observed between the percent inhibition of ABTS radical cation and the amount of essential oils from leaves (R2 =0.9978) and rind (R2 = 0.985). The percent superoxide anion radical scavenging activity was found to be 15.25 and 48.75 for CRL and CRR, respectively.
The reducing power in terms of FRAP values were found to be 1.2 and 0.173 mM FeSO4 for CRL and CRR, respectively. Both CRL and CRR exhibited good metal chelating activities, 56.10 and 61.82 for CRL and CRR, respectively. Best results regarding antidiabetic activity were shown by essential oils from leaves of Citrus reticulata with low as well as high concentrations. The oils also showed antibacterial and antifungal activities comparable to chloramphanicol. The data obtained from oils demonstrate the powerful antioxidative, radical scavenging, antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties of the plant. The data presented here shows that Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Murcot (Honey) extracts have great antioxidant and radical scavenging activity and thus may be used as a good source of natural antioxidants. The in vivo efficacy of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Murcot (Honey) oils against diabetes mellitus or other degenerative diseases may be partially attributed to radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of the plant. “
![Citrus clementina growing on the tree together](https://interstellarsuperherbs.com//wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Citrus-clementina_240x240.jpg)
“This study reports the use of orange (Citrus × clementina) peel aqueous extract (OPE) for one-pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with high effectiveness against various microbial pathogens as well as rat glial tumor C6 cells. The effects of various operational parameters on the synthesis of AgNPs were systematically investigated. The morphology, particle size, and properties of synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the nanoparticles are mostly spherical in shape and monodispersed, with an average particle size of 15–20 nm.
Notably, the OPE-synthesized AgNPs were stable up to 6 months without change in their properties. Low doses of OPE-AgNPs inhibited the growth of human pathogens Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, andStaphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of AgNPs against selected pathogenic bacteria were determined. OPE-AgNPs exhibited strong antioxidant activity in terms of ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging (IC50 49.6 μg/mL) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging (IC50 63.4 μg/mL). OPE-AgNPs showed dose-dependent response against rat glial tumor C6 cells (LD50 60 μg/mL) showing a promising potential as anticancer agents.”
Citrus depressa Hayata (shiikuwasa) peel extract
“Citrus depressa Hayata (commonly known as shiikuwasa) is cultivated in the northern areas of Okinawa, Japan, and used as a juice. In this study, we examined the anti-obesity effects and mechanism of action of shiikuwasa peel extract (SE) using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), HFD or HFD containing 1% or 1.5% (w/w) SE (HFD + 1 SE and HFD + 1.5 SE, respectively) for 5 weeks. The body weight gain and white adipose tissue weight were significantly decreased in the HFD + 1.5 SE group compared with the HFD group. The plasma triglyceride and leptin levels were also significantly reduced in the HFD + 1.5 SE group compared with the HFD group.
Histological examinations showed that the sizes of the adipocytes were significantly smaller in the HFD + 1.5 SE group than in the HFD group. The HFD + 1.5 SE group also showed significantly lower mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related genes, such as activating protein 2, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1, fatty acid transport protein and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, than the HFD group. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effects of SE may be elicited by regulating the expressions of lipogenesis-related genes in white adipose tissue.”
Citrus medica L. cv Diamante peel extract (rutaceae)
“This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic, antilipidaemic and antioxidant activities of Citrus medica cv Diamante (Rutaceae) hydroalcoholic (CD) peel extract in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The ability of CD to protect against oxidative stress was investigated by using different in vitro assays and in vivo by using the reactive oxygen metabolites-derived compounds (d-ROMs) test and the biological antioxidant potential test (BAP). Two different doses of CD extract (300 and 600 mg/kg/die) were administered at ZDF rats for 4 weeks. CD reduced cholesterol and triglycerides levels. A dose-dependent effect on body weight and serum glucose levels was observed. A decrease of d-ROMs and an increase of BAP were recorded by using the dose of 600 mg/kg. The extract inhibited lipid peroxidation (IC50 value of 0.23 mg/ml). These findings suggest as an efficient phytotherapeutic approach in combating hyperlipidaemic and hyperglycaemic disorders.”
Cucumis sativus peel EXCTRACT
Protective Role of Three Vegetable Peels in Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Male Mice
“In a preliminary study, effects of ethanolic extracts of Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis sativus and Praecitrullus fistulosus peels were studied at 250 and 500 mg kg−1 d−1 for 15 days in the alterations in serum glucose and in hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) in male mice. In the pilot experiment, the effective and safe concentration of each peel was administered (p.o.) for 10 consecutive days and then on 11th and 12th days alloxan was administered along with peel extracts. The treatment was continued up to 15th day.
At the end, alterations in serum glucose, insulin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, hepatic lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase were studied. All the three peel extracts nearly reversed most of these changes induced by alloxan suggesting their possible role in ameliorating diabetes mellitus and related changes in serum lipids. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid contents of the test peels were also estimated, which appear to be associated with the observed antidiabetic and antioxidative potentials.”
Cucurbita pepo FRUIT peel extract
“This study was aimed to evaluate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of different doses of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) powder in male diabetic rats. A total of 35 rats were randomized into 5 groups of 7 each as follows: Group 1: Normal control; Group 2: Diabetic control; Group 3: Diabetics administered with low doses of pumpkin powder (1 g/kg); Group 4: Diabetics administered with high doses of pumpkin powder (2 g/kg), and Group 5: Diabetics administered with glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg), as positive control. The rats were made diabetic by alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight (BW)) injection and were treated for 4 weeks on a daily basis. Blood samples were collected following the experiment. Pancreatic specimens were also collected for histological analysis. Glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly increased, while insulin was decreased in diabetic rats as compared to the normal control group (p < 0.05). Low dose pumpkin significantly decreased glucose, triglycerides, LDL and CRP as compared to diabetic group and high dose pumpkin decreased cholesterol (p < 0.05). Histological analysis also revealed a significant increase in the diameter and number of langerhans islets in treated group with pumpkin, which was consistent with the latter findings. Therefore, pumpkin might be beneficial in diabetic patients.”
Dracaena cochinchinensis resin (dragons blood)
“Dragon’s blood” is the name given to a deep red resin obtained from a variety of plant sources. The resin extracted from stems of Dracaena cochinchinensis is one such source of “dragon’s blood”. It has a reputation for facilitating blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis. In traditional Chinese medicine, this resinous medicine is commonly prescribed to invigorate blood circulation for the treatment of traumatic injuries, blood stasis and pain. Modern pharmacological studies have found that this resinous medicine has anti-bacterial, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor activities, while it is also known to enhance immune function, promote skin repair, stop bleeding and enhance blood circulation.
Various compounds have been isolated from the plant, including loureirin A, loureirin B, loureirin C, cochinchinenin, socotrin-4′-ol, 4′,7-dihydroxyflavan, 4-methylcholest-7-ene-3-ol, ethylparaben, resveratrol, and hydroxyphenol. The present review summarizes current knowledge concerning the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, toxicology studies and clinical applications of this resinous medicine as derived from D. cochinchinenesis.”
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) peel extract
“Durian contains flavonoids, namely catechin and quercetin [23] as well as polyphenols and tannins [10]. Quercetin had activity Aldos reductase inhibitors that could potentially be used in therapeutic antihyperglycemia [24]. In the rambutan fruit peels contained flavonoids and tannins [12]. Ethanolic extract of rambutan fruit peels contained quercetin, geraniin [13] and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) which had antihyperglycemia activity [14] as well as powerful antioxidants [15]. Based on the content of flavonoids catechin, quercetin and EGCG and polyphenols and tannins, a mechanism thought to decrease blood glucose levels in diabetic rats through inhibition of glucose absorption, stimulates the release of insulin and indirect mechanisms through the antioxidant processes.
Glucose binds to proteins can be oxidized and produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The combination of glycation and oxidation of glucose produces AGEs (advanced glycogen end-products) in which this process was irreversible long-lasting and can caused tissue damage. That glycated proteins and AGEs-modified proteins can lead to oxidative stress which can trigger the diabetic condition [22]. Another mechanism that was thought to have the effect of decreasing blood glucose levels in test animals, with the occurrence geraniin in rambutan fruit peel extract which had the ability to prevent the formation of AGEs [13]. This research has proven that the ethanol extract of durian rind and rambutan fruit peel can lowered blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced rats.
However, the mechanism of the antidiabetic activity of the ethanol extract of durian and rambutan fruit peels was not certainly. So the evaluation to determine the mechanism of molecular pharmacology decrease in blood glucose levels that occurs, needs to be done. In addition it is necessary to ensure what the active compounds are most responsible for its pharmacological activity.”
Grapefruit peel extract (Citrus paradisi)
“This study sought to characterize the interaction of phenolic extract from grapefruit peels with α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE) activities. The free phenolic of grapefruit peels was extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolic was extracted from the alkaline and acid‐hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate; and their interaction with the enzymes were assessed. The phenolic extracts inhibited α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and ACE enzyme activities; however, free phenolic had significantly higher (P<0.05) α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities than bound phenolic, while there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in their ACE inhibitory activities. Nevertheless, the extracts were strong inhibitor of α‐glucosidase when compared to α‐amylase. The phenolic inhibited sodium nitroprusside‐induced lipid peroxidation in pancreas in a dose‐dependent manner. Therefore, free and bound phenolic extracts from grapefruit peels could be used as nutraceutical for the management of hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes (including its precursor, metabolic syndrome) is one of the top five most significant diseases in the developed world and is rapidly becoming a burden in sub‐Sahara Africa. Natural inhibitors with relatively mild inhibition of α‐amylase but strong inhibitor of α‐glucosidase activity could be an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes with minimal side effects, while the inhibition of angiotenisn‐I‐converting enzyme is a useful approach in the treatment of hypertension in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, and phenolics have promising potential.
Our findings in this study have shown that grapefruit peels that are usually considered to be waste could be a cheap and good source of free soluble and bound phenolics with antidiabetic and antihypertensive potentials.”
Hawthorn (Crataegus Mexicana) peel extract
“This study provides the first in vitro evidence for an active role of C. mexicana as antioxidant on erythrocytes. Hawthorn is a fruit with anti-oxidant potential, reduces morphological changes and extends life span of the red blood cells in vitro. Such protection could be due to the inhibition of membrane lipoperoxidation and oxidative damage in cytoskeletal proteins. The conjunction of antioxidants in this extract, and not just specific purified antioxidants, could be helpful to keep normal the rheology properties of the erythrocyte apparently without any pro-oxidative damage.
The antioxidants present in the acetone extract may contribute to protect the erythrocyte cell membrane against lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress, thereby participating in diminishing the morphological and many rheology changes that may happen in the pathogenesis of vasoocclusive diseases, such diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, different types of anemia, and the inhibition of cell storage lesion in RBCs.
More studies are required to correctly identify the bioactive compounds of C. mexicana and how it contribute to the erythrocyte protection, and their mechanisms of action in the protection of the RBCs. This study give the scientific biochemical bases to use hawthorn extracts in a clinical setting, to prevent or treat many diseases and conditions associated to oxidative stress.”
Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) fruit peel extract
“Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) is rich in naringin and neohesperidin, which are natural flavanone glycosides with a range of biological activities. Among the different fruit parts, i.e. flavedo, albedo, segment membrane (SM), and juice sacs (JS), albedo showed the highest contents of both compounds, with 27.00 and 19.09 mg/g DW for naringin and neohesperidin, respectively. Efficient simultaneous purification of naringin and neohesperidin from Huyou albedo was established by the combination of macroporous D101 resin chromatography and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC).
Purified naringin and neohesperidin were identified by both HPLC and LC–MS, and their effects on glucose consumption were investigated in HepG2 cells. Cells treated with naringin and neohesperidin showed increased consumption of glucose, and this was associated with increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Therefore, naringin and neohesperidin from Huyou may act as potential hypoglycaemic agents through regulation of glucose metabolism.”
Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) Fruit peel
“The nutritional jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruit belonging to the Rhamnaceous family grows mostly in Europe, southern and eastern Asia, and Australia, especially the inland region of northern China. Jujube has a long history of usage as a fruit and remedy. The main biologically active components are vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenic acids, and polysaccharides. Recent phytochemical studies of jujube fruits have shed some light on their biological effects, such as the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, immunostimulating, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and gastrointestinal protective activities and inhibition of foam cell formation in macrophages. A stronger focus on clinical studies and phytochemical definition of jujube fruits will be essential for future research efforts. This review may be useful for predicting other medicinal uses and potential drug or food interactions and may be beneficial for people living where the jujube fruits are prevalent and health care resources are scarce.”
Kumquat (Fortunella margarita ) peel
“Obesity is a nutritional disorder associated with many health problems such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-metabolic disorder effects of kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swingle) fruit extract (FME) on high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6 obese mice.
The kumquat fruit was extracted with ethanol and the main flavonoids of this extract were analyzed by HPLC. For the preventive experiment, female C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet (Chow), high-fat diet (HF), and high-fat diet with 1% (w/w) extract of kumquat (HF+FME) for 8 weeks. For the therapeutic experiment, female C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet for 3 months to induce obesity. Then the obese mice were divided into two groups randomly, and fed with HF or HF+FME for another 2 weeks. Body weight and daily food intake amounts were recorded. Fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, serum and liver lipid levels were assayed and the white adipose tissues were imaged. The gene expression in mice liver and brown adipose tissues were analyzed with a quantitative PCR assay.
In the preventive treatment, FME controlled the body weight gain and the size of white adipocytes, lowered the fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels as well as liver lipid contents in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. In the therapeutic treatment, FME decreased the serum triglyceride (TG), serum TC, serum LDL-c, fasting blood glucose levels and liver lipid contents, improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Compared with the HF group, FME significantly increased the mRNA expression of PPARα and its target genes.
Our study suggests that FME may be a potential dietary supplement for preventing and ameliorating the obesity and obesity-related metabolic disturbances.”
![Lagenaria siceraria green interstellar](https://interstellarsuperherbs.com//wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Lagenaria-siceraria_240x240.jpg)
” In conclusion, our present findings reveal that the peel extract of Lagenaria siceraria, not only regulates lipid peroxidation, but also appears to be a promising agent for the amelioration of hyperthyroidism or hyperglycemia.”
Lansium domesticum fruit peel extract
“The peel of L. domesticum fruits possessed higher O2−• and OH• scavenging activity than the seeds, particularly when extracted with 50% aqueous ethanol and partitioned with ethyl acetate (LDSK50-EA). This fraction had high potential of both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants. Moreover, LDSK50-EA had a geno-protective effect by reduction of the DNA damage induced by H2O2 radicals, proven by comet assay in TK6 cells. This study generated new and updated information on the biological activity of extracts of long-kong fruits. It may lead to a discovery of new alternative sources of natural antioxidant and anti-genotoxic substances for the prophylaxis or treatment of free radical-related diseases as well as the development of the nutraceutical product industry.”
Mango peel extract (Mangifera indica)
“In the present study, the composition of mango peel powder (MPP) collected from the mango pulp industry was determined and the effect of MPP on ameliorating diabetes and its associated complications was studied.
Mango peel was rich in polyphenols, carotenoids and dietary fibre. Peel extract contained various bioactive compounds and was found to be rich in soluble dietary fibre. Peel extract exhibited antioxidant properties and protected against DNA damage. Therefore, the effect of peel on ameliorating diabetes was investigated in a rat model of diabetes. A significant increase in urine sugar, urine volume, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein, and decrease in high density lipoprotein were observed in the rats; however, these parameters were ameliorated in diabetic rats fed with diet supplemented with mango peel at 5% and 10% levels in basal diet. Treatment of diabetic rats with MPP increased antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased lipid peroxidation in plasma, kidney and liver compared to untreated diabetic rats. Glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria levels were ameliorated in MPP treated diabetic group.
Mango peel, a by‐product, can be used as an ingredient in functional and therapeutic foods.”
Meyer Lemon peel extract (Citrus × meyeri)
Protective effects of lemon flavonoids on oxidative stress in diabetic rats
“The effects of lemon flavonoids, as crude flavonoids prepared from lemon juice, were investigated in diabetic rats. The oxidative stress of eriocitrin (eriodictyol 7‐O‐β‐rutinoside) and hesperidin (hesperetin 7‐O‐β‐rutinoside) on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats was investigated. Diabetic rats were given a diet which contained 0.2% crude flavonoids, 0.2% eriocitrin, and 0.2% hesperidin. After the 28‐d feeding period, the concentration of the thiobarbituric acid‐ reactive substance in the serum, liver, and kidney of diabetic rats administered crude flavonoids, eriocitrin, and hesperidin significantly decreased as compared with that of the diabetic group.
The levels of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine, which is exchanged from deoxyguanosine owing to oxidative stress, in the urine of diabetic rats administered eriocitrin and hesperidin significantly decreased as compared with that of the diabetic rat group. Crude flavonoids, eriocitrin, and hesperidin suppressed the oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. These results demonstrated that dietary lemon flavonoids of eriocitrin and hesperidin play a role as antioxidant in vivo.”
Momordica charantia fruit peel extract
“We studied the long‐term effects of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on tissue‐specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glutathione‐dependent (GSH‐dependent) xenobiotic metabolism in rats. In addition, we also studied the effect of antidiabetic Momordica charantia (karela) fruit‐extract feeding on the modulation of xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress in rats with diabetes. Our results have indicated an increase (35–50%) in CYP4A‐dependent lauric acid hydroxylation in liver, kidney, and brain of diabetic rats. About a two‐fold increase in CYP2E‐dependent hepatic aniline hydroxylation and a 90–100% increase in CYP1A‐dependent ethoxycoumarin‐O‐deethylase activities in kidney and brain were also observed. A significant increase (80%) in aminopyrene N‐demethylase activity was observed only in rat kidney, and a decrease was observed in the liver and brain of diabetic rats.
A significant increase (77%) in NADPH‐dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) in kidney of diabetic rats was also observed. On the other hand, a decrease in hepatic LPO was seen during chronic diabetes. During diabetes an increased expression of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP4A1 isoenzymes was also seen by Western blot analysis. Karela‐juice feeding modulates the enzyme expression and catalytic activities in a tissue‐ and isoenzyme‐specific manner. A marked decrease (65%) in hepatic GSH content and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity and an increase (about two‐fold) in brain GSH and GST activity was observed in diabetic rats. On the other hand, renal GST was markedly reduced, and GSH content was moderately higher than that of control rats. Western blot analyses using specific antibodies have confirmed the tissue‐specific alterations in the expression of GST isoenzymes. Karela‐juice feeding, in general, reversed the effect of chronic diabetes on the modulation of both P450‐dependent monooxygenase activities and GSH‐dependent oxidative stress related LPO and GST activities.
These results have suggested that the modulation of xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress in various tissues may be related to altered metabolism of endogenous substrates and hormonal status during diabetes. The findings may have significant implications in elucidating the therapeutic use of antidiabetic drugs and management of Type 1 diabetes in chronic diabetic patients.”
Niihime (Citrus unshiu Citrus tachibana) fruit peel
“Niihime is a sour Citrus fruit produced along the coast of the Sea of Kumano in the Mie prefecture of Japan. A novel ferulate derivative was isolated from niihime fruit. The structure of the compound was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and identified as saccharic acid 1,4-lactone 3,5-di-O-ferulate by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS analyses.
The new compound exhibited significantly higher antioxidative activity than ferulic acid, a parent molecule of the compound, and trolox, a standard antioxidant, as measured by an ORAC assay (P < 0.05). Further, it was abundantly contained in the flavedo, albedo, and segment epidermis of the niihime peel.”
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) peel
The present investigation was aimed to study the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential ofAbelmoschus esculentus peel and seed powder (AEPP and AESP) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Acute toxicity of AEPP and AESP was studied in rats at 2000 mg/kg dose and diabetes was induced in rats by administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). After 14 days of blood glucose stabilization, diabetic rats received AEPP, AESP, and glibenclamide up to 28 days. The blood samples were collected on day 28 to estimate the hemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum glutamate-pyruvate transferase (SGPT), total protein (TP), and lipid profile levels.
In acute toxicity study, AESP and AESP did not show any toxicity or death up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Therefore, to assess the antidiabetic action, one by fifth and one by tenth dose of both powders were selected. Administration of AEPP and AESP at 100 and 200 mg/kg dose in diabetic rats showed significant (P < 0.001) reduction in blood glucose level and increase in body weight than diabetic control rats. A significant (P < 0.001) increased level of Hb, TP, and decreased level of HbA1c, SGPT were observed after the treatment of both doses of AEPP and AESP. Also, elevated lipid profile levels returned to near normal in diabetic rats after the administration of AEPP and AESP, 100 and 200 mg/kg dose, compared to diabetic control rats.
The present study results, first time, support the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of A. esculentus peel and seed powder in diabetic rats.
Olive leaf (Olea europaea)
“This study was designed to test the antidiabetic and antioxidative activities of olive leaf oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Diabetes in Wistar rats was induced by intraperitoneal injections of alloxan. The serum glucose and cholesterol, hepatic glycogen, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and the components of hepatic and serum antioxidant system were examined. Diabetic rats showed hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased lipid peroxidation, and depletion in the antioxidant enzymes activities.
The administration, for 4 weeks, of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol rich extracts, leading to 8 and 16 mg/kg body weight of each compound, significantly decreased the serum glucose and cholesterols levels and restored the antioxidant perturbations. These results suggested that the antidiabetic effect of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol might be due to their antioxidant activities restraining the oxidative stress which is widely associated with diabetes pathologies and complications.”
Onion peel extract (Allium cepa)
“Quercetin derivatives in onions have been regarded as the most important flavonoids to improve diabetic status in cells and animal models. The present study was aimed to examine the hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing capacity of onion peel extract (OPE) containing high quercetin in high fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and to elucidate the mechanism of its insulin-sensitizing effect.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the AIN-93G diet modified to contain 41.2% fat and intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight). One week after injection, the rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 126 mg/dL were randomly divided into 4 groups to treat with high fat diet containing 0 (diabetic control), 0.5, or 1% of OPE or 0.1% quercetin (quercetin equivalent to 1% of OPE) for 8 weeks. To investigate the mechanism for the effects of OPE, we examined biochemical parameters (insulin sensitivity and oxidative stresses) and protein and gene expressions (pro-inflammatory cytokines and receptors).
Compared to the diabetic control, hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing capability of 1% OPE were demonstrated by significant improvement of glucose tolerance as expressed in incremental area under the curve (P = 0.0148). The insulin-sensitizing effect of OPE was further supported by increased glycogen levels in liver and skeletal muscle (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0089, respectively). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed increased expression of insulin receptor (P = 0.0408) and GLUT4 (P = 0.0346) in muscle tissues. The oxidative stress, as assessed by superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde formation, plasma free fatty acids, and hepatic protein expressions of IL-6 were significantly reduced by 1% OPE administration (P = 0.0393, 0.0237, 0.0148 and 0.0025, respectively).
OPE might improve glucose response and insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes by alleviating metabolic dysregulation of free fatty acids, suppressing oxidative stress, up-regulating glucose uptake at peripheral tissues, and/or down-regulating inflammatory gene expression in liver. Moreover, in most cases, OPE showed greater potency than pure quercetin equivalent. These findings provide a basis for the use of onion peel to improve insulin insensitivity in type 2 diabetes.”
Pear peel extracts (Pyrus spp.)
“Total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, total triterpenes contents, and eleven monomeric compounds, derived from eight different pears’ peel and pulp, were qualitatively and quantitively profiled utilizing HPLC and HPLC-MS. All the chemical components found in the peel were approximately 2 to 18 folds concentrated than those in the pulp. Their antioxidant (reducing power and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/DPPH assay) and anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced mouse ear edema assay) activities were comparatively evaluated. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were utilized to seek bioactive components in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Subsequently, Yaguang pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim, with high polyphenols content) was selected to investigate in vitroand in vivo anti-diabetic potential (α-glucosidase inhibition assay and hypoglycemic assay in streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice). Eleven monomeric compounds were seriatim examined for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity to fish out anti-diabetic components. For the first time, this study delineated pear peel’s anti-diabetic prospect of treatment for type 2 diabetes.”
Persimmon peel extract
“The effect of persimmon peel polyphenol (PPP) on high glucose-induced oxidative stress was investigated using LLC-PK1 cells, which is susceptible to oxidative stress. High-concentration glucose (30 mM) treatment induced LLC-PK1 cell death, but high molecular-PPP (HMPPP) and low molecular-PPP (LMPPP), at concentrations of 5 or 10 μg/ml, significantly inhibited the high glucose-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, treatment with HMPPP or LMPPP dose-dependently reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species level increased by 30 mM glucose. In addition, nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite levels were increased by 30 mM glucose treatment, but they were concentration-dependently inhibited by HMPPP or LMPPP treatment.
High glucose levels induced the overexpressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins, but HMPPP or LMPPP treatment reduced the overexpressions of these proteins. HMPPP or LMPPP also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) induced by 30 mM glucose in LLC-PK1 cells. In particular, LMPPP exhibited stronger inhibitory activities on high glucose induced oxidative stress than HMPPP.
These findings indicate the potential benefits of persimmon peel as a valuable source of antioxidants in the diabetic condition which will reduce the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia.”
Petroselinum crispum extract
“Parsley is used by diabetics in Turkey to reduce blood glucose. The present study aims to investigate both the morphological and biochemical effects of parsley on liver tissue. Rat hepatocytes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Degenerative changes were observed in the hepatocytes of diabetic rats.
These degenerative changes were significantly reduced or absent in the hepatocytes of diabetic rats treated with parsley. Blood glucose levels, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were observed to be raised in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats treated with parsley demonstrated significantly lower levels of blood glucose, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase.
The present study suggests that parsley demonstrates a significant hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats.”
Pineapple (Ananas cosmosus) peel extract
“Oxidative stress was induced by oral administration of ethanol (20% w/v) at a dosage of 5 mL/kg body weight in rats. After 28 days of treatment, the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Splenic tissue homogenates were used for the assessment of protein concentration, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation. Feeding on alcohol caused a significant decrease in GSH level in the group fed alcohol only, while treatment with pineapple peel extracts increased the GSH activities. No significant difference was observed in SOD levels of the negative control and group fed on only pineapple peel extract.
There was an elevated catalase activity in the negative control. Pineapple peel extract significantly reduced it. Treatment with pineapple peel extracts was observed to reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) in alcohol‐fed groups. Protein concentration increased after treatment with the extracts. This study indicates the protective effect of pineapple peel extract against alcohol‐induced oxidative stress.”
Pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum )
“Peel extracts from Citrus sinensis, Punica granatum, and Musa paradisiaca were investigated for their effects on tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) and on the concentration of thyroid hormones, insulin, and glucose in male rats. In vitro inhibition of H2O2-induced LPO in red blood cells of rats by 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/mL C. sinensis, P. granatum, and M. paradisiacapeel extracts was observed in a dose-specific manner. Maximum inhibition was observed at 0.50 μg/mL C. sinensis, 2.0μg/mL P. granatum, and 1.0 μg/mL M. paradisiaca. In the in vivo investigation, out of four different concentrations of each peel extract, 25, 200, and 100 mg/kg C. sinensis, P. granatum, and M. paradisiaca, respectively, were found to maximally inhibit hepatic LPO.
The most effective doses were further evaluated for effects on serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), insulin, and glucose concentrations. C. sinensis exhibited antithyroidal, hypoglycemic, and insulin stimulatory activities, in addition to inhibition of LPO, as it significantly decreased the serum T4 (P < .05) and glucose (P < .001) concentrations with a concomitant increase in insulin levels (P < .05). P. granatum decreased LPO in hepatic, cardiac, and renal tissues (P < .01, P < .001, and P < .05, respectively) and serum glucose concentration (P < .01). M. paradisiaca strongly inhibited the serum level of thyroid hormones (P < .01 for both T3 and T4) but increased the level of glucose (P < .05).
These findings reveal the hitherto unknown potential of the tested peel extracts in the regulation of thyroid function and glucose metabolism. Besides antiperoxidative activity, C. sinensis extract has antithyroidal, hypoglycemic, and insulin stimulatory properties, which suggest its potential to ameliorate both hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus.”
Pomelo (citrus maxima) peel
“Metabolic syndrome is a serious health problem in both developed and developing countries. The present study investigated the anti-metabolic disorder effects of different pomelo varieties on obese C57BL/6 mice induced by high-fat (HF) diet.
The peels of four pomelo varieties were extracted with ethanol and the total phenols and flavonoids content of these extracts were measured. For the animal experiment, the female C57BL/6 mice were fed with a Chow diet or a HF diet alone or supplemented with 1% (w/w) different pomelo peel extracts for 8 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured every other day. At the end of the treatment, the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin (INS) tolerance test, serum lipid profile and insulin levels, and liver lipid contents were analyzed. The gene expression analysis was performed with a quantitative real-time PCR assay.
The present study showed that the Citrus grandis liangpinyou (LP) and beibeiyou (BB) extracts were more potent in anti-metabolic disorder effects than the duanshiyou (DS) and wubuyou (WB) extracts. Both LP and BB extracts blocked the body weight gain, lowered fasting blood glucose, serum TC, liver lipid levels, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and lowered serum insulin levels in HF diet-fed mice. Compared with the HF group, LP and BB peel extracts increased the mRNA expression of PPARα and its target genes, such as FAS, PGC-1α and PGC-1β, and GLUT4 in the liver and white adipocyte tissue (WAT).
We found that that pomelo peel extracts could prevent high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in C57BL/6 mice through the activation of the PPARα and GLUT4 signaling. Our results indicate that pomelo peels could be used as a dietary therapy and the potential source of drug for metabolic disorders.”
Potato Peel extract
“The potential of dietary potato peel (PP) powder in ameliorating oxidative stress (OS) and hyperglycemia was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In a 4-week feeding trial, incorporation of potato peel powder (5 and 10%) in the diet of diabetic rats was found to significantly reduce the plasma glucose level and also reduce drastically the polyuria of STZ diabetic rats. The total food intake was significantly reduced in the diabetic rats fed 10% PP powder compared to the control diabetic rats. However, the body weight gain over 28 days was nearly four times greater in PP powder supplemented diabetic rats (both at 5 and 10%) compared to the control diabetic rats. PP powder in the diet also decreased the elevated activities of serum transaminases (ALT and AST) and nearly normalized the hepatic MDA and GSH levels as well as the activities of specific antioxidant enzymes in liver of diabetic rats.
The result of these studies clearly establishes the modulatory propensity of PP against diabetes induced alterations. Considering that potato peels are discarded as waste and not effectively utilized, these results suggest the possibility that PP waste could be effectively used as an ingredient in health and functional food to ameliorate certain disease states such as diabetes.”
Psidium guajava raw fruit peel extract
Anti-hyperglycaemic potential of Psidium guajava raw fruit peel
“This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava unripe fruit peel on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocin induced mild and severely diabetic rats as an extension of our previous work carried out on Psidium guajava ripe fruit peel.
The aqueous extract of P. guajava unripe fruits was prepared. Male 6-8 wk old albino Wistar rats were selected for the experiments. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin infection. Blood glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method. Antihyperglycaemic activity of the extract was assessed in mild and severely diabetic rats.
The maximum fall of 21.2 per cent (P<0.01) and 26.9 per cent (P<0.01) after 3 h of glucose administration during glucose tolerance test (GTT) was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg, identified as the most effective dose, in normal and mild diabetic rats respectively. In severely diabetic rats the maximum fall of 20.8 and 17.5 per cent in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and post prandial glucose (PPG) levels, and 50 per cent (P<0.01) in urine sugar levels was observed with the same dose. Haemoglobin level increased by 5.2 per cent (P<0.05) and body weight by 2.5 per cent (P<0.05) after 21 days treatment.
Normal, mild and severely diabetic rat models had shown hypoglycaemic as well as antidiabetic effect of the unripe guava fruit peel aqueous extract. Further studies need to be done to characterize the active components of the peel.”
Purple passion fruit peel extract
The clinical efficacy of purple passion fruit peel extract (a flavonoid-rich dietary supplement) in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in adult type 2 diabetic subjects was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-one subjects were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of purple passion fruit (220 mg) or a matched placebo for 16 weeks. Body mass index, blood pressure, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile were determined at baseline and at monthly intervals. A significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose was observed following administration of purple passion fruit (P<.05). Purple passion fruit was well tolerated, and no adverse events were reported.
These data suggest that purple passion fruit supplementation for 16 weeks in type 2 diabetics results in a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose, indicating that purple passion fruit is safe and well tolerated by diabetics.
Quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) peel extract
“Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of several pathologies, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis and cancer. A wide range of anti-inflammatory chemicals have been used to treat such diseases while presenting high toxicity and numerous side effects. Here, we report the anti-inflammatory effect of a non-toxic, cost-effective natural agent, polyphenolic extract from the Tunisian quince Cydonia oblongaMiller. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of human THP-1-derived macrophages induced the secretion of high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the chemokine IL-8, which was inhibited by quince peel polyphenolic extract in a dose-dependent manner.
Concomitantly, quince polyphenols enhanced the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 secreted by LPS-treated macrophages. We further demonstrated that the unexpected increase in IL-6 secretion that occurred when quince polyphenols were associated with LPS treatment was partially responsible for the polyphenols-mediated inhibition of TNF-α secretion. Biochemical analysis showed that quince polyphenols extract inhibited the LPS-mediated activation of three major cellular pro-inflammatory effectors, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), p38MAPK and Akt.
Overall, our data indicate that quince peel polyphenolic extract induces a potent anti-inflammatory effect that may prove useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and that a quince-rich regimen may help to prevent and improve the treatment of such diseases.”
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel Extract
“Rambutan peel phenolic (RPP) extracts were prepared via dynamic separation with macroporous resin. The total phenolic content and individual phenolics in RPP were determined. Results showed that the total phenolic content of RPP was 877.11 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract. The content of geranin (122.18 mg/g extract) was the highest among those of the 39 identified phenolic compounds. RPP protected against oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells in a dose-response manner. The inhibitory effects of RPP on cell apoptosis might be related to its inhibitory effects on the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased effects on superoxide dismutase activity. The in vivo anti-aging activity of RPP was evaluated using an aging mice model that was induced by d-galactose (d-gal). The results showed that RPP enhanced the antioxidativestatus of experimental mice.
Moreover, histological analysis indicated that RPP effectively reduced d-gal-induced liver and kidney tissue damage in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, RPP can be used as a natural antioxidant and anti-aging agent in thepharmaceutical and food industries.”
Satsuma Mandarin peel extract (CitruS unshiu)
Lipolysis induced by segment wall extract from Satsuma mandarin orange
“The lipolysis induced by Satsuma mandarin orange (Citrus unshu Mark) was investigated using rat fat cells. Peel or segment wall extract from Satsuma mandarin orange induced the lipolysis in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas juice sac extract did not induce the lipolysis. High concentration of synephrine, which is an adrenergic amine, was detected in the peel or segment wall extract, whereas it was not detected in the juice sac extract. The segment wall extracts from Iyokan and orange had high lipolytic activity, whereas the extracts from grapefruit and lemon did not have lipolytic activity.
The beta-antagonist inhibited the lipolysis elicited by the segment wall extract from Satsuma mandarin orange, whereas alpha-antagonist did not inhibit the lipolysis induced by the segment wall. The lipolysis induced by the segment wall was considerably higher in the visceral fat cells when compared to the subcutaneous fat cells. These results suggest that the segment wall, an edible fraction, from Satsuma mandarin orange might be useful as a functional food, especially as a fat-reducing material.”
Scutellaria laterifolia
“Traditional Chinese medicines have been recently recognized as a new source of anticancer drugs and new chemotherapy adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and to ameliorate the side effects of cancer chemotherapies however their healing mechanisms are still largely unknown. Scutellariabaicalensis is one of the most popular and multi-purpose herb used in China traditionally for treatment of inflammation, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and bacterial and viral infections. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that Scutellariaalso possesses potent anticancer activities. The bioactive components of Scutellaria have been confirmed to be flavones. The major constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis are Wogonin, Baicalein and Baicalin. These phytochemicals are not only cytostatic but also cytotoxic to various human tumor cell lines in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo.
Most importantly, they show almost no or minor toxicity to normal epithelial and normal peripheral blood and myeloid cells. The antitumor functions of these flavones are largely due to their abilities to scavenge oxidative radicals, to attenuate NF-κB activity, to inhibit several genes important for regulation of the cell cycle, to suppress COX-2 gene expression and to prevent viral infections. The tumor-selectivity of Wogonin has recently been demonstrated to be due to its ability to differentially modulate the oxidation–reduction status of malignant vs. normal lymphocytic cells and to preferentially induce phospholipase Cγ1, a key enzyme involved in Ca2+ signaling, through H2O2 signaling in malignant lymphocytes.
This review is aimed to summarize the research results obtained since the last 20 years and to highlight the recently discovered molecular mechanisms.”
Sweet Orange peel extract (Citrus sinensis)
“Orange (citrus sinensis) is well known for its nutritional and medicinal properties throughout the world. From times immemorial, whole Orange plant including ripe and unripe fruits, juice, orange peels, leaves and flowers are used as a traditional medicine. Citrus sinensis belongs to the family Rutaceae. The fruit is a fleshy, indehiscent, berry that ranges widely in size from 4 cm to 12 cm. The major medicinal properties of orange include anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti- diabetic, cardio- protective, anti-cancer, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-Tubercular, anti-asthmatic and anti-hypertensive. Phytochemically, whole plant contains limonene, citral, neohesperidin, naringin, rutin, rhamnose, eriocitrin, and vitamin-C. In the present review article, a humble attempt is made to compile all the strange facts available About this tasty fruit.
Anti-diabetic activity of orange is due to bioflavonoids such as hesperidin and naringin present in citrus fruit peels. These peels play an anti-diabetic rolein C57BL/Ks J-db/db mice via regulation of glucose regulatory enzymes. They decrease the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenol pyruvate. The anti-diabetic potential of orange peel and juice appear to be mediated via anti peroxidation, inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity that is responsible for the conversion of complex carbohydrates to glucose, increased hepatic glycogen content, stimulation of insulin secretion, and repair of secretory defects of pancreatic β-cells [18,19].”
Syzygium cumini Skeels extract
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: A review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses
“Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) (L.) Skeels (jambolan) is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases in particular diabetes. The present review has been primed to describe the existing data on the information on botany, phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological actions of S. cumini (L.) Skeels (jambolan). Electronic database search was conducted with the search terms of Eugenia jambolana, S. cumini, jambolan, common plum and java plum. The plant has been viewed as an antidiabetic plant since it became commercially available several decades ago. During last four decades, numerous folk medicine and scientific reports on the antidiabetic effects of this plant have been cited in the literature. The plant is rich in compounds containing anthocyanins, glucoside, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaemferol and myrecetin.
The seeds are claimed to contain alkaloid, jambosine, and glycoside jambolin or antimellin, which halts the diastatic conversion of starch into sugar. The vast number of literatures found in the database revealed that the extracts of different parts of jambolan showed significant pharmacological actions. We suggest that there is a need for further investigation to isolate active principles which confer the pharmacological action. Hence identification of such active compounds is useful for producing safer drugs in the treatment of various ailments including diabetes.”
Tangerine peel extract (Citrus reticulata)
“Naringin and naringenin supplementation has proven to be efficacious for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and obesity in animal models (60, 111). The dose used in animal studies may not be achieved in human trials, however, and emphasis should be given to establish a dietary recommendation of citrus fruit consumption or for the pure compound naringin. Most of naringin’s observed biologic activities are related in some part to its potent antioxidant nature. However, several other molecular signaling pathways modified by naringin were also revealed recently. In metabolic syndrome, obesity, and related cardiovascular complications, naringin influences AMPK-, PPARα–, and CPT-1–mediated fat utilization and preserves mitochondrial function.
Moreover, naringin also prevents the TNF-α–mediated inflammatory process and tissue damage in liver and vasculature. Figure 3 shows a proposed mechanism for increased mitochondrial biogenesis by naringin. Another consideration for oral administration of naringenin/naringin should be the contraindications of taking certain drugs such as statins and calcium channel blockers because of the inhibitory effects on intestinal CYP450 enzymes. Moreover, further clinical investigations should be carried out with naringin in metabolic diseases.”
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) peel extract
“Lycopene rich extracts (ETE) were prepared by enzyme assisted extraction of tomato peel. Oxidative damage was induced in L6 myoblasts by exposing cells to H2O2 in presence and absence (control) of ETE. The potential of ETE to protect cells from oxidative damage was investigated in terms of cytotoxicity (MTT assay), Reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescindiacetate (H2DCFDA), DNA damage (ladder assay, 8-oxo-dG), Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining, mitochondrial stability by ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential by Rhodamine 123 staining.
It was observed that treatment of cells with ETE significantly increased cell viability, decreased ROS production, reduced DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation & 8-oxo-dG, increased ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. Results indicated that ETE could protect cells from H2O2 induced oxidative damage significantly as compared to control. These results depicted the antioxidant potential of tomato peel extract which can counteract the redox imbalance in cells induced by oxidative stress condition.”
Trapa natans fruit peel extract
“Trapa natans L. (Lythraceae), commonly known as Water Chestnut in English, is an annual aquatic floating herb occurring throughout the Indian subcontinent and used traditionally for several medicinal purposes. The present study was aimed to evaluate antidiabetic activity of methanol extract of T. napans fruit peels (METN) in Wistar rats. The effect of METN on oral glucose tolerance and its effect on normoglycemic rats were studied. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by single intraperitonial injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body weight). Three days after STZ induction, the hyperglycemic rats were treated with METN orally at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. Glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg b.wt., orally) was used as reference drug.
The fasting blood glucose levels were measured on every 5 day during the th 15 days treatment. METN at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg orally significantly (p < 0.001) and dose dependently improved oral glucose tolerance, exhibited hypoglycaemic effect in normal rats and antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats by reducing and normalizing the elevated fasting blood glucose levels as compared to those of STZ control group. The present study concludes that T. natans fruit peel demonstrated promising antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats.”
Wampee (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels) Peel extract
“Fruits of wampee [Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels] contain a significant amount of coumarins with many health benefits. The activity-guided separation of an ethyl acetate-soluble fraction on a polyamide column followed by silica gel column and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) preparation afforded a pure compound, which was identified to be 8-hydroxypsoralen based on the 1H, 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and ESI-MS (electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric) analysis.
This isolate exhibited good scavenging activities against DPPH radical and superoxide anion as well as significant reducing power. It also showed potent proliferation inhibitory activity against human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2), human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549) and human cervical carcinoma cell line (HELA). This is the first report on the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of C. lansium fruit extract. The food and pharmaceutical industry could be benefited by the usage of this extract containing this constituent.”
Water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) peel
“In recent years, glycation in organisms has been positioned as a major risk factor for accelerated aging process, and the concept of glycation stress has gained attention 1). The concept of glycation stress is that the reaction of reducing sugars, aldehydes, etc. with proteins and amino acids produces advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the accumulation of these substances overloads cells and tissues and disrupts the functioning of functional proteins as well as causes a series of reactions such as induction of inflammation 2). The glycation reaction at the core of glycation stress is a reaction in which proteins and reducing sugars bond nonenzymatically to produce glycation products.
Glycation products that have been identified include the AGEs pentosidine, Nε- (carboxymethyl ) lysine (CML), and pyraline, and their intermediates 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) 3). Bioaccumulation of these glycation products is said to be involved in kidney disease and eye disorders associated with progression of diabetes 4), arteriosclerosis 5), osteoporosis 6), Alzheimer’s disease 7), infertility 8), and sclerema 9). Based on these facts, we believe that inhibiting the production and accumulation of glycation products and stimulating the degradation and metabolism of previously produced glycation products will lead to an increased life expectancy, improved quality of life, and disease prevention.
The glycation response inhibiting activity and glycation product degradation activity of the TBE confirm its production inhibitory effect against AGEs and its effect in reducing the amount of accumulated AGEs by degradation of previously produced AGEs. Further, since activities other than antiglycation have been demonstrated, we expect TBE to have wide applications as an anti-aging ingredient. We plan to study its efficacy in humans in the future. The study verified TBE to inhibit glycation product synthesis, degrade α-dicarbonyl compound, and break the AGE crosslinks. The above results suggest that TBE may inhibit production of AGEs and their intermediates and degrade existing α-dicarbonyl compounds and AGE crosslinks in vivo. We expect that TBE may be suitable to reduce glycation stress.”
Yam (Dioscorea alata) peel extract
“Researchers have shown that yam extracts contain antioxidative activity; however, there are few reports regarding the antioxidant activities of yam peel. The effects of water and 50% ethanolic extracts from Darsan yam (Dioscorea alata) peel on the oxidative status of tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-treated mouse Hepa 1–6 and FL83B liver cell lines were investigated. The cytosols were analysed for H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidative enzymes activities, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities.
Both water and 50% ethanolic extracts from yam peel did not affect cellular MDA level in t-BHP-treated cells, but they altered the level of H2O2. Water extract from yam peel amplified the t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity in Hepa 1–6 whilst the ethanolic extract showed protection in FL83B cells. GPx activity might play an important role in the protective effect associated with t-BHP-induced oxidative stress.”
Yuzu peel extract (Citrus JUNOS)
“The antidiabetic effect of the Citrus junos Tanaka (also known as yuja or yuzu) was examined. Ethanol extract of yuja peel (YPEE) significantly stimulated 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake in C2C12 myotubes. However, ethanol extract of yuja pulp (YpEE) and water extract of yuja peel (YPWE) or pulp (YpWE) did not stimulate glucose uptake. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activities were increased by YPEE in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of AMPK inhibitor decreased the glucose uptake stimulated by YPEE in C2C12 myotubes. We confirmed the anti-diabetic effect of YPEE in mice fed a high fat-diet (HFD). Compared with control mice on a normal diet (ND), these mice showed increased body weight, liver fat, insulin resistance, triacylglycerol (TG), and total cholesterol content. Addition of 5% YPEE significantly reduced the weight gain and rise in liver fat content, serum triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol, and insulin resistance found in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).
Moreover, YPEE reduced the secretion of HFD-induced adipocytokines such as leptin and resistin. YPEE also resulted in increased phosphorylation of AMPK in muscle tissues. These results suggest that ethanol extract of yuja peel exerts anti-diabetic effects via AMPK and PPAR- in both cell culture and mouse models.”
AVAILABLE IN TWO CONCENTRATIONS: 20:1 100g $50 / 200:1 100g $250
Aristotelia chilensi
In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic effects of anthocyanins from Maqui Berry (Aristotelia chilensis)
INTERSTELLAR “ SPICE” POLYPHENOL POWERHOUSE — 100 SPICES in one
Projected release date MAY 28th!
Believe it or not the spices in your cupboard have tremendous healing capabilities and this is because of their POLYPHENOL content.
Now you can have them all in one blend!
What are polyphenols?
Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance
“Polyphenols constitute one of the most numerous and ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites and are an integral part of both human and animal diets. Ranging from simple phenolic molecules to highly polymerized compounds with molecular weights of greater than 30,000 Da, the occurrence of this complex group of substances in plant foods is extremely variable. Polyphenols traditionally have been considered antinutrients by animal nutritionists, because of the adverse effect of tannins, one type of polyphenol, on protein digestibility. However, recent interest in food phenolics has increased greatly, owing to their antioxidant capacity (free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities) and their possible beneficial implications in human health, such as in the treatment and prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other pathologies. ”
polyphenols: a potentiol new strategy for the prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression
Following recent evidence that disturbances in oxidative metabolism are involved in anxiety disorders, high anxiety levels and depression, the use of antioxidants has been proposed as a novel approach for the prevention or treatment of these conditions. Polyphenols are naturally-occurring antioxidant substances which can have pharmacological actions on the central nervous system. This mini-review aims to examine the current evidence for the potential use of dietary polyphenols as neuroprotective agents to reduce anxiety and to manage depression. I will outline recent findings which demonstrate that polyphenols have anti-anxiety effects at higher doses (300/60/30/20 mg/kg body weight) as well as at lower doses (2-4 mg/kg); this can be compared to conventional anxiolytics, which only have anxiolytic effects at lower doses (1-5 mg/kg). To circumvent problems associated with polyphenols (e.g., quercetin) having difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier and to effectively reduce the active dose, intranasal administration in the form of liposomes could be an interesting approach. I also suggest that dietary polyphenols could be a new alternative approach to treat depression, because they exhibit antidepressant activity with relatively lower doses (0.3-2 mg/kg) than commonlyused antidepressants such as imipramine (10 mg/kg). The polyphenols discussed in this mini-review are found in vegetables and fruits such as apples, plums, cherries, onions and tea. Therefore, a varied diet that is rich in naturallyoccurring polyphenols could be an effective means to prevent (or delay) anxiety, depression and other diseases linked to oxidative stress.
Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond
”Research on the effects of dietary polyphenols on human health has developed considerably in the past 10 y. It strongly supports a role for polyphenols in the prevention of degenerative diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The antioxidant properties of polyphenols have been widely studied, but it has become clear that the mechanisms of action of polyphenols go beyond the modulation of oxidative stress.”
At the interface of antioxidant signalling and cellular function: Key polyphenol effects
“Effects of (poly) phenols on pathways of chronic inflammation leading to prevention of some of the damaging effects associated with the metabolic syndrome. (2) Interaction of (poly)phenols with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, leading to effects on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, and consequent reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. (3) The inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase leading to modulation of intracellular superoxide and plasma uric acid, a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. ”
POLYPHENOLS: Small molecules that regulate lifespan: evidence for xenohormesis
Barring genetic manipulation, the diet known as calorie restriction (CR) is currently the only way to slow down ageing in mammals. The fact that CR works on most species, even microorganisms, implies a conserved underlying mechanism. Recent findings in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that CR extends lifespan because it is a mild biological stressor that activates Sir2, a key component of yeast longevity and the founding member of the sirtuin family of deacetylases. The sirtuin family appears to have first arisen in primordial eukaryotes, possibly to help them cope with adverse conditions. Today they are found in plants, yeast, and animals and may underlie the remarkable health benefits of CR. Interestingly, a class of POLYPHENOLIC molecules produced by plants in response to stress can activate the sirtuins from yeast and metazoans. At least in the case of yeast, these molecules greatly extend lifespan by mimicking CR. One explanation for this surprising observation is the ‘xenohormesis hypothesis’, the idea that organisms have evolved to respond to stress signalling molecules produced by other species in their environment. In this way, organisms can prepare in advance for a deteriorating environment and/or loss of food supply.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04209.x
“These observations indicated that the polyphenol-rich antioxidant supplement containing pomegranate extract, green tea extract, and ascorbic acid has important antagonizing effects on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in patients with Type 2 DM and might be beneficial in preventing cardiovascular complications.”
“These increasingly well-documented results have begun to provide a basis for considering the use of polyphenols in the development of novel therapies for certain human diseases. And while the mechanisms by which these effects occur are yet to be fully understood, it is evident that further investigation may yield a potential use for polyphenols as pharmacological interventions against specific age-associated diseases. ”
“Increased consumption of antioxidant-rich foods in general and of polyphenols in particular is associated with better cognitive performance in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk. The results reinforce the notion that Mediterranean diet components might counteract age-related cognitive decline.”
Plant Polyphenol Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress
“Thus, polyphenols probably protect LDL oxidation in vivo with significant consequences in atherosclerosis. and also protect DNA from oxidative damage with important consequences in the age-related development of some cancers.”
Effects of polyphenolic antioxidants on exercise-induced oxidative stress
“However, in response to strenuous exercise, the polyphenol-supplemented test showed a smaller increase in plasma TBARS and CK than the placebo test.”
“Our understanding of aging is constantly evolving, but there is great interest in using polyphenol organic compounds to modify or retard the aging process. ”
“Phenolic compounds, ubiquitous in plants, are an essential part of the human diet and are of considerable interest due to their antioxidant properties and potential beneficial health effects.”
Dietary polyphenols, oxidative stress and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
“Phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins are widely distributed in plants as a protective mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses.”
Antiglycative and neuroprotective activity of colon‐derived polyphenol catabolites
“Some polyphenolic catabolites, generated in vivo in the colon, were able in vitro to counteract two key features of diabetic complications, i.e. protein glycation and neurodegeneration. These observations could lead to a better control of these events, which are usually correlated with hyperglycemia. ”
Plant Polyphenols: Chemical Properties, Biological Activities, and Synthesis
“This Review gives answers from a chemical perspective, summarizes the state of the art, and highlights the most significant advances in the field of polyphenol research. ”
Polyphenols and Human Health: A Prospectus
“We summarize the recent findings concerning the effects of polyphenols on human health, analyze the current limitations at pitfalls, and propose future directions for research.”
Distinct mechanisms underlie distinct polyphenol‐induced neuroprotection
“In conclusion, polyphenolic compounds inhibit glutamate‐induced toxicity. Each polyphenolic compound, however, exerts its protection by distinctive mechanisms. Combination of these effects might enhance the protective effect and could counter ischemic diseases or neurodegeneration. ”
200:1 = 300 1/8 tsp servings
20:1 = 72 1/2 tsp servings
INGREDIENTS
Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria)
- Naphthoquinone Components from Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch Show Significant Antiproliferative Effects on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
- Antioxidant activities of alkanet
- Antimicrobial properties of naphthaquinones and other constituents of Alkanna tinctoria
Allspice (Pimenta dioica)
- Antifungal effect of Pimenta dioica essential oil against dangerous pathogenic and toxinogenic fungi
- Antioxidative phenylpropanoids from berries of Pimenta dioica
- Cardiovascular effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Pimenta dioica in Sprague-Dawley rats
- Polyphenol-rich extract of Pimenta dioica berries (Allspice) kills breast cancer cells by autophagy and delays growth of triple negative breast cancer in athymic mice
Angelica (Angelica archangelica)
- Hepatoprotective effect of Angelica archangelica in chronically ethanol-treated mice
- Antiproliferative effect of Angelica archangelica fruits
- Antitumour Activity of Angelica archangelica Leaf Extract
Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
- Relaxant effect of Pimpinella anisum
- Antispasmodic effects of the hidroalcoholic extract of Pimpinella anisum
- Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum
Annatto / Achiote (Bixa orellana)
- DNA damage and aberrant crypt foci as putative biomarkers to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of annatto
- Antimicrobial activity of Annatto (Bixa orellana) extract
- Inhibition of cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in rat brain by polar and non-polar extracts of Annatto (Bixa orellana) seeds
Artemisia (Artemisia spp.)
- Preventive and curative effects of Artemisia absinthium on acetaminophen and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity
- Determination of artemisinin in Artemisia sieberi and anticoccidial effects of the plant extract in broiler chickens
- Anti-allergic effects of Artemisia
Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida)
- Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ferula assafoetida
- Anti-diabetic activity of Ferula assafoetida extract in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- Antihyperglycemic effect of Asafoetida
Avens (Geum urbanum)
- Antixoidant activity of Geum Urbanum
- Antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of different solvent extracts of the medicinal plant Geum urbanum L.
- Protective Effect of Aleppo Avens on Mouse Cerebral Ischemia
Avocado leaf (Persea americana)
- Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of leaves of Persea americana Mill
- Anticonvulsant effect of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae)(Avocado) leaf aqueous extract in mice
- Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Persea americana Mill
Barberry (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp.)
- Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine
- The antihypertensive and vasodilator effects of aqueous extract from Berberis vulgaris fruit on hypertensive rats
- Study on the anti-inflammatory action of Berberis vulgaris root extract, alkaloid fractions and pure alkaloids
Basil, Holy (Ocimum Sanctum)
- Evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn, Ocimum sanctum
- Effect of Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf powder supplementation on blood sugar levels, serum lipids and tissues lipids in diabetic rats
- Evaluation of antioxidant and wound healing effects of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn in rats
Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum)
- Antimicrobial effects of Ocimum basilicum (Labiatae) extract
- Effect of Chitosan on the Biological Properties of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
- Antiulcerogenic Effects of Ocimum basilicum Extracts
Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis)
- Analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activity of the leaf essential oil of Laurus nobilis Linn.
- Anticonvulsant activity of the leaf essential oil of Laurus nobilis against pentylenetetrazole-and maximal electroshock-induced seizures
- Alcohol absorption inhibitors from bay leaf (Laurus nobilis): structure-requirements of sesquiterpenes for the activity
Blue fenugreek, blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea)
- Effect of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) on blood glucose in normal and diabetic ratsIn vitro shoot regeneration of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) using different cytokinins
- Fenugreek seed polyphenols protect liver from alcohol toxicity: a role on hepatic detoxification system and apoptosis
- Saudi Arabia folk medicine plants (Costus, Fenugreek, Rhamuns) effect on cancer cell lines (A549, Hela, BT549, Colo320, SW620)
Boldo (Peumus boldus)
- Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a traditional medicinal plant of Chile, Peumus boldus
- Effect of boldo (Peumus boldus Molina) infusion on lipoperoxidation induced by cisplatin in mice liver
- Antioxidant activity of crude extract, alkaloid fraction, and flavonoid fraction from Boldo (Peumus boldus Molina) leaves
Borage (Borago officinalis)
- Antioxidative activity of borage (Borago officinalis L.)
- Pharmacological basis for the use of Borago officinalis in gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders
- Antioxidant and free radical-scavenging properties of ethanolic extracts of defatted borage (Borago officinalis L.) seeds
California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)
- Antibacterial activity of native California medicinal plant extracts isolated from Rhamnus californica and Umbellularia californica
- The effects of Umbellularia californica produced terpenoids on vascular smooth muscle.
- The flavonoids of Umbellularia californica (lauraceae)
Caper (Capparis spinosa)
- Bioactive components of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from Sicily and antioxidant effects in a red meat simulated gastric digestion
- The anticarcinogenic potential of essential oil and aqueous infusion from caper (Capparis spinosa L.)
- Study on the ethnopharmaceutical values and traditional uses of Capparis spinosa L.
Caraway (Carum carvi)
- Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of phenolic extract from Carum carvi L.
- Antibacterial Activity of Cuminum cyminum L. and Carum carvi L. Essential Oils
- Antispasmodic effects of some medicinal plants
- Antiobesity Effect of Caraway Extract on Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
- Gastroprotective effect of cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum Maton. fruits in rats
- Blood pressure lowering, fibrinolysis enhancing and antioxidant activities of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
- Antimicrobial effect of seed extract of cardamom (Elettarıa cardamomum Maton)
- Anti-Diabetic Activity of Amomum Subulatum Roxb. Fruit Constituents
Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum)
- Antidiabetic effect of Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum zeylanicum in vivo and in vitro
- Growth-Inhibiting Effects of Cinnamomum cassia Bark-Derived Materials on Human Intestinal Bacteria
- Antihyperglycaemic effect of Cassia auriculata in experimental diabetes and its effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism
Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
- In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antidiabetic effect of different extracts of Nepeta cataria in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
- Catnip: Its uses and effects, past and present
- Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of Nepeta cataria
Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum)
- Polyphenols in red pepper [Capsicum annuum var. aviculare (Tepin)] and their protective effect on some pro-oxidants induced lipid peroxidation in brain and liver
- Flavonoids and antioxidant activity of fresh pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars
- Antioxidant Activity of the Main Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Hot Pepper Fruit (Capsicum annuum L.)
Celery leaf (Apium graveolens)
- In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of a flavonoid isolated from celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce)
- Antiulcerogenic and antibacterial activities of Apium graveolens essential oil and extract
- Hypolipidemic effects of seed extract of celery (Apium graveolens) in rats
Celery seed (Apium graveolens)
- Antihypertensive effect of celery seed on rat blood pressure in chronic administration
- Chemoprevention of benzo[a]pyrene‐induced forestomach cancer in mice by natural phthalides from celery seed oil
- A novel compound from celery seed with a bactericidal effect against Helicobacter pylori
Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)
- In vitro antioxidant activity of Anthriscus cerefolium L.(Hoffm.) extracts
- Chervil: A Multifunctional Miraculous Nutritional Herb [2012]
- Free radical scavenging and membrane protective effects of methanol extracts fromAnthriscus cerefolium L. (Hoffm.) andPetroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A. W. Hill.
Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
- Antihyperglycemic effect of a natural chicoric acid extract of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)
- Polyphenol content and antiradical activity of Cichorium intybus L. from biodynamic and conventional farming
- Anti-hepatotoxic effects of root and root callus extracts of Cichorium intybus L
Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.)
- Antioxidant, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carotenoids Extracted from Dried Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
- Effects of capsaicin on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet
- Ingestion of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) reduces salicylate bioavailability after oral aspirin administration in the rat
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
- Diallyl sulfide content and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria of chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
- Allium schoenoprasum L., as a natural antioxidant
- Anti-inflammatory effects of Allium schoenoprasum L. leaves
Cinnamon, white (Canella winterana)
- Effects of a cinnamon extract on plasma glucose, HbA1c, and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus type 2
- Antioxidant effects of a cinnamon extract in people with impaired fasting glucose that are overweight or obese
- The Evaluation of Long‐term Effects of Cinnamon Bark
Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea)
- Antidepressant-like effect of Salvia sclarea is explained by modulation of dopamine activities in rats
- Evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.)
- A Study on Anti-Inflammatory and Peripheral Analgesic Action of Salvia sclarea Oil and Its Main Components
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
- Effect of Syzygium aromaticum extract on immediate hypersensitivity in rats
- Antioxidant property of Nigella sativa (black cumin) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) in rats during aflatoxicosis
- Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry: impact upon bacteria, fungi and fatty acid levels in ageing mice
- β‐Caryophyllene attenuates palmitate‐induced lipid accumulation through AMPK signaling by activating CB2 receptor in human HepG2 hepatocytes
Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum)
- Protective effects of Coriandrum sativum extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
- Hypolipidemic effect of coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum): mechanism of action
- Insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity of the traditional anti-diabetic plant Coriandrum sativum (coriander)
Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita)
- Antimicrobial agents from Tanacetum balsamita
- In vitro antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts from Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. balsamita
- Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Tanacetum balsamita Essential Oil and One of Its Major Constituents (Quercetin) in Male Rats
Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.) (Vietnam)
- Experimental Study on Antitussive and Expectorant Effects of Cudweed
- Effect of Gnaphalium conoideum HBK on guinea pig airway smooth muscle: role of L-type Ca2+ channels
- Antiinflammatory activity-guided fractionation of Gnaphalium stramineum
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
- Hypolipidemic effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- Effects of methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum on total serum cholesterol in ovariectomized rats
- Chemopreventive effects of Cuminum cyminum in chemically induced forestomach and uterine cervix tumors in murine model systems
- Antiobesity, antihyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of the aqueous extract of Nigella Sativa seeds (Kalongi)
Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii)
- Beneficial effects of Murraya koenigii leaves on antioxidant defense system and ultra structural changes of pancreatic β-cells in experimental diabetes in rats
- Anti-diabetic effect of Murraya koenigii leaves on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
- Anti-oxidant effects of curry leaf, Murraya koenigii and mustard seeds, Brassica juncea in rats fed with high fat diet.
Deulkkae (Perilla frutescens seeds)
- Health effects of omega-3,6,9 fatty acids: Perilla frutescens is a good example of plant oils
- Effects of Fatty Oil of Acute Common Perilla (Perilla frutescens) on the Learning and Memory of Mice [J]
- Experimental Study of the Effect of Perilla frutescens Seed on Hyperlipoidemia Model Rats [J]
Dill seed (Anethum graveolens)
- Effects of anethum graveolens and garlic on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients
- The effects of Anethum graveolens L. on female reproductive system
- Anethum graveolens: An Indian traditional medicinal herb and spice
Elderflower (Sambucus spp.)
- The benefits of antioxidant-rich fruits on skin health
- Inhibition of microglial activation by elderberry extracts and its phenolic components
- Treatment of Paederus dermatitis with Sambucus ebulus lotion
Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides)
- Amoebicidal activity of essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants in an amoebic liver abscess Hamster model
- Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Schistosomicidal, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oil of Dysphania ambrosioides
- Ethnopharmacological reports on anti-Buruli ulcer medicinal plants in three West African countries
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
- Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare
- Hepatoprotective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil: A carbon-tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis model in rats
- Cholinergic Basis of Memory-Strengthening Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Linn.
- Anti-Obesity Effects of Foeniculum fructus Water Extract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
- Hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaf in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats
- Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seed extract as an antineoplastic agent
- Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seed powder improves glucose homeostasis in alloxan diabetic rat tissues by reversing the altered glycolytic
Galangal, greater (Alpinia galanga)
- Neuroprotective effect of Alpinia galanga (L.) fractions on Aβ (25–35) induced amnesia in mice
- Antiallergic principles from Alpinia galanga: structural requirements of phenylpropanoids for inhibition of degranulation and release of TNF-α and IL-4 in RBL-2H3
- Neurotransmitter metabolic enzymes and antioxidant status on Alzheimer’s disease induced mice treated with Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd
Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum)
- Aphrodisiac properties of Allium tuberosum seeds extract
- The effect of oral administration of Allium sativum extracts on lead nitrate induced toxicity in male mice
- Beneficial effect of Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum on experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) in mice and rats
- Ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced hepatoma rats
- Anti‐diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin‐induced type I diabetic rats
- Gingerenone A, a polyphenol present in ginger, suppresses obesity and adipose tissue inflammation in high‐fat diet‐fed mice
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
- A Review on the Phytochemical Composition and Potential Medicinal Uses of Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Root
- Tumor Cell Proliferation and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Constituents in Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
- Antioxidant properties of leaf and root extract and oil from different types of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gaertn.)
Houttuynia cordata (Vietnam)
- Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata injection
- Immunomodulatory and anti-SARS activities of Houttuynia cordata
- Protective Effect of Houttuynia cordata Extract on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats
Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)
- Inhibitory Effects of Hyssop (Hyssopus of ficinalis) Extracts on Intestinal α-Glncosidase Activity and Postprandial Hyperglycemia
- Effect of Hyssopus officinalis L. on inhibiting airway inflammation and immune regulation in a chronic asthmatic mouse model
- Herbal medicines and epilepsy: the potential for benefit and adverse effects
Jasmine flowers (Jasminum spp.)
- Herbs for the treatment of insomnia
- Nutraceutical Properties in Flowers
- Suppression of puerperal lactation using jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac)
Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)
- Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Anoectochilus formosanus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum
- Phytopreventative anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in rats
- Neuroprotective effects of herbal ethanol extracts from Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Juniper berry (Juniperus communis)
- Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of some Swedish medicinal plants. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and PAF-induced exocytosis
- Hypoglycemic activity of juniper “berries”
- Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and different fractions of Juniperus communis L. and a comparison with some commercial antibiotics
Kawakawa seeds (Macropiper excelsum) (New Zealand)
- Macropiper excelsum
- Cytotoxic Amides from Fruits of Kawakawa, Macropiper excelsum
- Kawakawa Fact Sheet
Kencur, galangal, kentjur (Kaempferia galanga)
- Antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract of Kaempferia galanga Linn. in experimental animals
- Hypolipidemic effect ofAlpinia galanga (Rasna) andKaempferia galanga (Kachoori)
- Sedative activity of hexane extract of Keampferia galanga L. and its active compounds
Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
- Neuroprotective effects of inhaled lavender oil on scopolamine-induced dementia via anti-oxidative activities in rats
- Effect of lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) on cerebral edema and its possible mechanisms in an experimental model of stroke
- Medicinal lavender modulates the enteric microbiota to protect against Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
- Regulation of obesity and lipid disorders by herbal extracts from Morus alba, Melissa officinalis, and Artemisia capillaris in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
- Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities
- Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis in the mouse
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.)
- Myrcene mimics the peripheral analgesic activity of lemongrass tea
- Cholesterol reduction and lack of genotoxic or toxic effects in mice after repeated 21-day oral intake of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil
- Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). II. Effects of daily two month administration in male and female rats and in offspring exposed “in utero”
Licorice, liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
- Memory enhancing activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in mice
- Antidepressant-like activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in mouse models of immobility tests
- In vitro and in vivo antiallergic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its components
Locust beans (Parkia biglobosa)
- Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of an extract from Parkia biglobosa used in traditional medicine in the Ivory Coast
- Possible antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effect of fermented Parkia biglobosa (JACQ) extract in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats
- The antisnake venom activities of Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) stem bark extract
Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
- Antimycobacterial polyacetylenes from Levisticum officinale
- The inhibitory effect of some Iranian plants extracts on the alpha glucosidase
- Chemical Composition and antiproliferative activity of essential oil from the leaves of a medicinal herb, Levisticum officinale, against UMSCC1 head and neck
Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
- Protective Effect of Origanum majorana L. ‘Marjoram’ on Various Models of Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats
- Effects of Origanum majorana L. on cadmium induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in albino rats.
- Phenolic and Triterpenoid Antioxidants from Origanum majorana L. Herb and Extracts Obtained with Different Solvents
Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus)
- Hypotensive Effect of Pistacia lentiscus L
- Antiatherogenic effect of Pistacia lentiscus via GSH restoration and downregulation of CD36 mRNA expression
- The effect of Pistacia vera L. gum extract on oxidative damage during experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats
Mustard, brown, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica juncea)
- Effect of feeding Murraya koeingii and Brassica juncea diet kidney functions and glucose levels in streptozotocin diabetic mice
- Antidepressant-like effects of Brassica juncea L. leaves in diabetic rodents
- A study on antinociceptive and anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanol extract of Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern. leaves in mice
Mustard, white, mustard plant, mustard seed (Sinapis alba)
- Novel mucilage fraction of Sinapis alba L.(mustard) reduces azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in F344 and Zucker obese rats
- Mustard seeds (Sinapis Alba Linn) attenuate azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis
- Mustard seed (Sinapis Alba Linn) attenuates imiquimod‐induced psoriasiform inflammation of BALB/c mice
Mustard, yellow (Brassica hirta = Sinapis alba)
- Phytotoxic effects of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Fe on Sinapis alba L. seedlings and their accumulation in roots and shoots
- Effects of fusicoccin upon membrane potential resistance and current-voltage characteristics in root hairs of Sinapis alba
- Acaricidal Constituents Isolated from Sinapis alba L. Seeds and Structure− Activity Relationships
Nigella, kalonji, black caraway, black onion seed (Nigella sativa)
- The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of Nigella sativa
- Diuretic and hypotensive effects of Nigella sativa in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
- Effects of Nigella sativa fixed oil on blood homeostasis in rat
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
- Hepatoprotective Effect of Myristicin from Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) on Lipopolysaccharide/d-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury
- Antiinflammatory effect of mace, aril of Myristica fragrans Houtt., and its active principles
- Anxiogenic activity of Myristica fragrans seeds
- Hepatocyte-protective effect of nectandrin B, a nutmeg lignan, against oxidative stress: Role of Nrf2 activation through ERK phosphorylation and AMPK-dependent inhibition of GSK-3β
Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species)
- Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare growing wild in Tafilalet region
- Dose‐dependent effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1, 2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced rat colon carcinogenesis
- Antifungal activities of origanum oil against Candida albicans
Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida)
- Antibacterial and allelopathic activity of methanolic extract from Iris pseudopumila rhizomes
- Studies on Preparation of Bioactivity Parts of total Isoflavone Aglycones from Rhizoma Iridis Tectori
- Cancer chemopreventive in vitro activities of isoflavones isolated from Iris germanica
Paprika (Capsicum annuum)
- Dietary capsanthin, the main carotenoid in paprika (Capsicum annuum), alters plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and hepatic gene expression in rats
- Effect of red pepper Capsicum annuum var. conoides and garlic Allium sativum on plasma lipid levels and cecal microflora in mice fed beef tallow
- Prevention of N‐Methylnitrosourea‐Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats by Oxygenated Carotenoid Capsanthin and Capsanthin‐Rich Paprika Juice
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
- Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the skin of STZ induced diabetic rats
- Preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic activities of’parsley’petroselinum crispum in rats
- Prevention of Experimentally-induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats by an Ethanolic Extract of “Parsley” Petroselinum crispum
Pepper, black, white, and green (Piper nigrum)
- Antispermatogenic and antifertility effects of fruits of Piper nigrum L. in mice
- Antidepressant like effects of piperine in chronic mild stress treated mice and its possible mechanisms
- Effect of piperine on the inhibition of lung metastasis induced B16F-10 melanoma cells in mice
Pepper, long (Piper longum)
- Effects of Piper longum fruit, Piper sarmentosum root and Quercus infectoria nut gall on caecal amoebiasis in mice
- Protective effect of Piper longum L. on oxidative stress induced injury and cellular abnormality in adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity in rats
- Analgesic activity of Piper longum Linn. root
Pepper, mountain, Cornish pepper leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata)
- Natural antiulcerogenic agents: an overview
- The phytochemistry and chemotherapeutic potential of Tasmannia lanceolata (Tasmanian pepper): A review
- The potential of Tasmannia lanceolata as a natural preservative and medicinal agent: Antimicrobial activity and toxicity
Peppermint gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives)
- Antiradical and Anti-H2O2 Properties of Polyphenolic Compounds from an Aqueous Peppermint Extract
- A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.)
- Inhibitory effects of eucalyptus and banaba leaf extracts on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high-fructose/high-glucose diet in rats
Poppy seed (Papaver somniferum)
- Anticarcinogenic effects of the essential oils from cumin, poppy and basil
- Isoquinoline alkaloids and keto-fatty acids of Argemone ochroleuca and A. mexicana (mexican poppy) seed. II. Concentrations tolerated by pigs
- Analytical study and analgesic activity of oripavine from Papaver somniferum L
Quassia (Quassia amara) bitter spice in aperitifs and some beers and fortified wines
- Evaluation of the analgesic and antiedematogenic activities of Quassia amara bark extract
- Antiulcerogenic activity of four extracts obtained from the bark wood of Quassia amara L.(Simaroubaceae)
- Antidiabetic Activity of Standardized Extract of Quassia amara in Nicotinamide–Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetic Rats
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
- Antidepressant-like effect of the extract of Rosmarinus officinalis in mice: involvement of the monoaminergic system
- Protective effect of supercritical fluid rosemary extract, Rosmarinus officinalis, on antioxidants of major organs of aged rats
- Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil in Experimental Animal Models
- Rosemary Extract‐Mediated Lifespan Extension and Attenuated Oxidative Damage in Drosophila melanogaster Fed on High‐Fat Diet
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), only for yellow color
- Effect of the carthamins yellow from Carthamus tinctorius L. on hemorheological disorders of blood stasis in rats
- Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities of Mogami-benibana (Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius Linne)
- Evaluation of the anti-myocardial ischemia effect of individual and combined extracts of Panax notoginseng and Carthamus tinctorius in rats
Saffron (Crocus sativus)
- Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocus sativus L. stigma and petal extracts in mice
- Antidepressant effect of kaempferol, a constituent of saffron (Crocus sativus) petal, in mice and rats
- Effects of the active constituents of Crocus sativus L., crocins on recognition and spatial rats’ memory
Sage (Salvia officinalis)
- The drinking of a Salvia officinalis infusion improves liver antioxidant status in mice and rats
- Effect of Salvia officinalis L. leaves on serum glucose and insulin in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
- Antidiabetic effects of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) leaves in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
- Preventive effects of salvia officinalis leaf extract on insulin resistance and inflammation, in high fat diet-induced-obesity mice model
Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
- Cinnamon Extract Enhances Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C2C12 Myocytes by Inducing LKB1-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling
- Anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activities of hexane extracts from some Asian medicinal plants
- Cinnamon: Mystic powers of a minute ingredient
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Sassafras albidum has been reported to have antineoplastic activity
- Sassafras tea: Using a traditional method of preparation to reduce the carcinogenic compound safrole
- Sassafras and herb tea
Savory, winter (Satureja montana)
- Protective effect of Satureja montana extract on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury in rats
- An update on pharmacology of Satureja species; from antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetes and anti-hyperlipidemic to reproductive stimulation
- Effects of winter savory (satureja montana l.) on peripheral body temperature of people who experience a ‘Feeling of Cold'(Hie-Sho)
Sesame Seed, Black Sesame Seed Shiso (Perilla frutescens var. crispa leaves)
- Sesame seed lignans and γ-tocopherol act synergistically to produce vitamin E activity in rats
- Sesamin is one of the major precursors of mammalian lignans in sesame seed (Sesamum indicum) as observed in vitro and in rats
- Effect of sesame seeds rich in sesamin and sesamolin on fatty acid oxidation in rat liver
Silphium, silphion, laser, laserpicium, sorado Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)
- Phenolic compounds from Allium schoenoprasum, Tragopogon pratensis and Rumex acetosa and their antiproliferative effects
- Pharmacologically mechanistic basis for the traditional uses of Rumex acetosa in gut motility disorders and emesis
- Biosynthesis of Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Extracts of Hordeum vulgare and Rumex acetosa Plants
Spearmint (Mentha spicata)
- Effect of spearmint (Mentha spicata Labiatae) teas on androgen levels in women with hirsutism
- Anti-inflammatory activity of four solvent fractions of ethanol extract of Mentha spicata L. investigated on acute and chronic inflammation induced rats
- Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti‐androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. a randomized controlled trial
Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi)
- Sedative effects of vapor inhalation of agarwood oil and spikenard extract and identification of their active components
- Nardostachys jatamansi Improves Learning and Memory in Mice
- A review on spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.)-An ‘endangered’essential herb of India
Star anise (Illicium verum)
- Effects of dietary cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Illicium verum, Schizandra chinensis and alfalfa on the benzo [a] pyrene metabolic system in mouse liver
- Topical application of an ethanol extract prepared from Illicium verum suppresses atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice
- Herbal medicine and epilepsy: proconvulsive effects and interactions with antiepileptic drugs
- Anethole prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and collagen metabolism alterations in human skin fibroblasts
Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum)
- Antioxidant and burn healing potential of Galium odoratum extractso
- Galium odoratum
- Hepatoprotective effects of Berberis lycium, Galium and Pistacia integerrima in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats
Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum)
- Glycoprotein of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC has a hepatoprotective effect via anti-oxidative character in vivo and in vitro
- Zanthoxylum piperitum DC ethanol extract suppresses fat accumulation in adipocytes and high fat diet-induced obese mice by regulating adipogenesis
- Human acyl-CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitory activities of aliphatic acid amides from Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.
Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
- Anticonvulsant activity and chemical composition of Artemisia dracunculus L. essential oil
- High-fat diet-induced neuropathy of prediabetes and obesity: effect of PMI-5011, an ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L.
- Improved absorption and bioactivity of active compounds from an anti-diabetic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
- Dietary supplementation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil during the lifetime of the rat: its effects on the antioxidant status in liver, kidney and heart tissues
- Effects of thymol and carvacrol, constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil, on the inflammatory response
- Antioxidant properties of Thymus vulgaris oil against aflatoxin-induce oxidative stress in male rats
- The Application of Medicinal Plants in Traditional and Modern Medicine: A Review of Thymus vulgaris
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
- Effect of dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat liver
- Behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine effects of the ethanolic extract from Curcuma longa L. in the mouse forced swimming test
- Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research.
- Effect of curcumin (Curcuma longa extract) on LPS-induced acute lung injury is mediated by the activation of AMPK
Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)
- Vanillin as an antioxidant in rat liver mitochondria: inhibition of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation induced by photosensitization
- Evaluation of antidepressant activity of vanillin in mice
- DNA protective properties of vanillin against γ-radiation under different conditions: possible mechanisms
Wasabi (Wasabia japonica)
- Anti-obesity effects of hot water extract from Wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum.) leaves in mice fed high-fat diets
- Effect of wasabi leafstalk (Wasabia japonica MATSUM.) extract on bone metabolism in mouse calvaria tissue culture
- Antiplatelet and anticancer isothiocyanates in Japanese domestic horseradish, wasabi
Water-pepper, smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper)
- Effect of Chromatographic Fractions of Polygonum hydropiper Linn.(Roots) on Fertility in Female Albino Rats
- In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Polygonum hydropiper methanol extract
- Antinociceptive activity of Polygonum hydropiper
Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica)
- Effects of watercress consumption on metabolism of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in smokers.
- Chemoprevention of cancer by isothiocyanates, modifiers of carcinogen metabolism
- Inhibition of chlorzoxazone metabolism, a clinical probe for CYP2E1, by a single ingestion of watercress
Wattleseed (Acacia Victoriae)
- Triterpenoid saponins from Acacia victoriae (Bentham) decrease tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis
- Avicins: triterpenoid saponins from Acacia victoriae (Bentham) induce apoptosis by mitochondrial perturbation
- Avicins, a family of triterpenoid saponins from Acacia victoriae (Bentham), suppress H-ras mutations and aneuploidy in a murine skin carcinogenesis model
- Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Acacia Polyphenol in Obese Diabetic KKAy Mice Fed High-Fat Diet
Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum)
- Impact of thymol in thyme extracts on their antispasmodic action and ciliary clearance
- Hypoglycemic and hematological effects of aqueous extract of Thymus serpyllum Linn. in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits
- Review of ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological study of Thymus serpyllum L.
Willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum)
- Chemical Composition and in Vitro Antioxidant Evaluation of Commercial Water-Soluble Willow Herb (Epilobium angustifolium L.) Extracts
- Antioxidant and antiinflammatory effect of Epilobium parviflorum Schreb.
- Anti-proliferative effect on a prostatic epithelial cell line (PZ-HPV-7) by Epilobium angustifolium L.
Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)
- Variation in polyphenolic profile and in vitro antioxidant activity of eastern teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens L.) leaves following foliar development
- Methods on the content and antiradical activity of polyphenols from fruits Actinidia arguta, Crataegus monogyna, Gaultheria procumbens and Schisandra chinensis
- The determination of salicylates in Gaultheria procumbens for use as a natural aspirin alternative
Woodruff (Galium odoratum) Galium odoratum)
Antioxidant and burn healing potential of Galium odoratum extracts
Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium)
- Preventive and curative effects of Artemisia absinthium on acetaminophen and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity
- Study of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity from plant extracts of Lactuca scariola and Artemisia absinthium
- Neuroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L. on focal ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
- Antispermatogenic effect of Achillea millefolium L. in mice
- Safety and antiulcer efficacy studies of Achillea millefolium L. after chronic treatment in Wistar rats
- The effect of Achillea millefolium extract on spermatogenesis of male Wistar rats
Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria)
- Anti-angiogenesis effect of essential oil from Curcuma zedoaria in vitro and in vivo
- Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.(white turmeric): a review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties
- Evaluation of antinociceptive, in-vivo & in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome
Size | 100g, 200g, 800g |
---|---|
Concentration | 200:1, 20:1 |
19 reviews for SPICE & PEEL 20:1 COMBO – Save 33%!
Related products
-
BEAUTY (Hair, Skin, Eyes, Nails, Weightloss) 9 BLEND COMBO SAMPLER : $875 Value For $395 – Save 55% NEW!
Rated 5.00 out of 5$875.00Original price was: $875.00.$395.00Current price is: $395.00. -
PEEL & SPICE : Combo Pack 200:1
Rated 5.00 out of 5$500.00Original price was: $500.00.$395.00Current price is: $395.00. -
ACB (10 Blend) ‘VITAL FORCE’ COMBO – Save 57%!
Rated 5.00 out of 5$2,325.00Original price was: $2,325.00.$995.00Current price is: $995.00. -
STOMACH RESET COMBO (Fix Virtually All Gastrointestinal Problems) Featuring: PURGE/ PARASLAYER/ HELICO
Rated 5.00 out of 5$825.00Original price was: $825.00.$495.00Current price is: $495.00.
Shiva Baum –
Interstellar WOW! Rapid results. The Peel and Spice combo delivered excellence for me within 10
minutes of consuming in my morning coffee. I felt a dramatic upgrade in well being. HIGHLY recommended! Phenomenal product combo.
lfcarter (verified owner) –
My initial order included the combo of Spice and Peel. I can already tell a difference in my mood throughout the day. In the past, I’ve had some anxiety and mild depression and am confident that this combination, along with Trinity, is already leveling me out. What’s also great is the amount of product you get. I was amazed at how big the bags were for Spice and Peel. That says a lot, it’s worth the price knowing that you only need a small amount so it should last you for quite a while. I also enjoyed the samples that were added to my order which prompted me to place a second order for said samples. Try the products, I highly doubt you’ll be disappointed.
Sally Reed –
I haven’t had time write a formal testimony but A spot on my lung that was discovered in March on a X-ray had grown. I was scheduled with a follow up CT scan and the area had increased and had gotten more dense. A pet scan on August 14 showed a high uptake value which points to cancer so I was scheduled for a biopsy September 3rd. I ended up in ER August 30th and another X-ray was done and the spot was gone!! I have ongoing lung issues due to a drug resistant bacteria so seeing junk in my lungs seems common now for me. I have been on the Blend’s now for 10 weeks now and that’s the only thing I have done differently. You cannot imagine how happy I was. I went through cancer treatment twice and the thought of doing it again literally made me sick. Thank you Gavin for what you do it’s not only the blends but it’s literally saving some of us.
Tanya F –
First I want to say that I am fortunate to take a large majority of the blends offered. It is therefore difficult to pinpoint one specific result to one specific blend, but I do believe that ALL of the blends have contributed to the great results which I am about to share.
I think often times we notice more when things are wrong or bad rather than taking notice when things are good. But if you are aware and present, if you start to pay attention, you will see that these blends impact SO MANY areas of your life.
Here are a few examples of how these blends have impacted me. Perhaps Gavin can comment on the specific blend associated
1. I used to struggle with cold sores on my mouth and nose (herpes virus). I would get them every month or two due to stress or too much sun. I believe it has almost been a year since having one. Even when the conditions arose to get one I might feel the sensation of one but magically they would never appear and the feeling would dissipate quickly.
2. My skin has greatly improved. I had an age spot on my hand (I WISH I would have taken a before and after picture because it is incredible). I was self conscious about it because it made me look and feel older than I was. It is now gone. In addition, the sun spots and freckles on my arms and legs are much less. Even my aesthetician has had to increase my facial frequency because she said my cell turnover is just so much higher than it used to be. Another interesting thing that happened – and this would have to do with rapid healing but I recently had to have stitches. When I went in to have them removed the doctor commented that he had never seen anything like it. My skin and wound had healed so quickly and nicely that it had completely healed OVER the stitches. He had to access them for removal with an incision. ?
3. I stopped taking thyroid medicine when I started taking blends. This has probably been two years now. I recently started taking luteolin from Interstellar and after a new blood test, my Thyroid levels are the best they have ever been (although borderline) and quite honestly I feel no side effects of Hypothyroidism
4. I am happier and less stressed. This is subtle but noticeable. Even my husband has commented that I have a new energy and peace about me. And truthfully I just feel like smiling and laughing more.
There is more that I can say but these reviews can get lengthy.
….I did take Autophagy this morning. I’ve been doing longer fasts and plant based feeding windows to improve my gut bacteria and I’ve struggled a bit with hunger. Today is different. I am not hungry per usual.
Also just a little tip: Make a Matcha smoothie!! Wow! It’s my new staple. Nut milk, Stevia, flaxseeds, spinach, and a good scoop of Matcha. It’s life changing ?
Mychael Maldonado –
So I just wanted to leave a review on the products that I’ve been taking Trinity and peel and Spice 200.1
Ever since I’ve been taking peel and spice I’ve been getting compliments about how my skin glows and how I look 10 years younger people are amazed at it and ask me what am I doing and what I’m putting on my face I tell him I simply drink black coffee with my peels extra Virgin Olive oil and it takes me there
the Trinity is a Anti anxiety Anti-stress it makes you feel relaxed and with no worries it’s amazing what Trinity does I tell all my friends that are in prescription drugs to drop them and buy these blends especially these 2 I am convinced and it is proven that they work their miracles I’m 57 years old and I’m being told I look fortyish… And I’m always in a good mood with full of energy This is my testimony .?
Katelyn Schroeder –
So I must say its effortless to give this product a 5 star review and write 3 paragraphs. I could literally talk until the world ends about how absolutely life changing this is.
So I want to start out with a disclaimer that the person I bought these blends for is literally crying that he’s almost completely run out of his spice and peel (I purchased Trinity as well and will be replenishing all three).
My father is a complete non believer in Chinese anything unless it comes in the form of takeout with complimentary fortune cookies (some of the herbs are common in Traditional Chinese Medicine). The fact that he’s the one in full blown panic because he’s about to run out is almost hard to take seriously.
I can remember the day he laughed at me and called it “witchcraft”?. He refused for an entire year to try the blends until one day he had reached his breaking point.
He had gotten to the end of his line and was about to change his mind just long enough to change his life. In agonizing pain unbearable and completely suffocating to the point of wanting to die; in his desperation for relief and the will to try anything and I mean anything!
He suffers horribly from gout; was so crippled in his right hand from pain that it would cause nausea and make him throw up. This was horrendous for me to watch my pillar of strength be such a victim to this condition. My dad is a mechanic connoisseur, if you will, and lives in his garage working on his 69 Camero so this was destroying not only his physical self but everything he loved to do as well. He came to me and asked if I could order him some of that “intestinal hippy dust” he called it. Haha!
So I ordered it through Gavin who personally without a second delay —no I’m not exaggerating, he literally responded to my request within seconds of the message being sent along with personalizing my order to meet my budget and preferences. He answered all of my questions and provided me with any information I needed [IM REALLY ANNOYING WITH QUESTIONS). I felt like as if I had my own personal on call herbalist and I was his only client— in this day and age of factory line customer service for half assed cheap inadequate products you can only imagine how much of a relief that was.
So the big day was here faster than I could shake a stick; my package came promptly and it couldn’t have been a better time considering the flare up of my dad’s worst nightmare was once again happening . My dad, I must say was a trooper and really gave it the gallant effort. He took the blends religiously everyday, same time, in his coffee or in cherry juice plain . He did this once in the morning and that’s it! Yes just once a day!
After 4 days I saw him at the dinner table opening and closing his hand with a perplexed look on his face when all of a sudden he said, “Well I’ll be damned… I don’t know what’s in that dirt but I haven’t closed my hand in almost a year! I hate to admit I was wrong but that shit really works!” It was the most incredible feeling I’ve ever had to see my efforts of persuasion and belief in Gavin’s products result in my dad’s complete obliteration of his pain and suffering.
Fast forward to now and he’s like a totally new man; pain free and finally a believer! My dad hasn’t had one, not one, flare up of gout since taking the blends! He’s energetic, lively and said he doesn’t feel as old anymore. LOL I cant express my gratitude or my appreciation for Gavin’s hard work and dedication. It must have been a difficult road in obtaining these perfectly proportioned pungent particles of perfectly priced products.
I’m so obsessed with knowing that Gavin has changed my dad’s life and continues to change so many others. These blends were his calling and he was born to do this! If you’re going to invest in anything in life invest in yourself, the rest will follow! Invest in your state of mind, your happiness, your health, your body; invest in someone like Gavin and his blends who is invested in you and has made helping others his life’s passion! Invest in your ability to view the world as you should with an INTERSTELLAR outlook. Buy these blends— you’ll only regret not doing it sooner.
I personally take Peel and Trinity twice daily. I have been diagnosed with Wilson’s disease; an autoimmune disease that effects the liver due to the body not eliminating copper and essentially poisoning the liver with too much. I was advised my liver is not gonna make it to the other half of my birthday’s; I’m 27 years old and the only solutions countless doctors could come up with is a transplant. I will keep an update on my experience but so far my last doctor visit caused some raised eyebrows at how much my levels had changed to reflect liver regeneration taking place. Yes my liver was in fact healing itself and the blends are to thank.
So I will continue the blends and reap the benefits of Gavin’s dedication. I’m now thinking I still have skin in this game, “Put me in coach! I’m INTERSTELLAR and I’m not going down without a fight!!!!” BEST supplement out there !!!!!!!!!!!
Sudevika Okeahi (verified owner) –
I am grateful to be taking these blends!
I’d been so fed up with being in pain.
Doctors told me it was depression and injuries that may never heal.
I’d tried many natural products
with little or no relief.
My intuition made me feel that there must be a natural remedy.
Recently I came across Gavins page.
I saw one of his product reviews and was drawn to look further.
I enquired about his products he was very kind, helpful and informative told me what I could take that was vegetarian and would help my back pain and anxiety.
He suggested the blends Spice and Peel and told me that after 3 weeks I’d have zero back pain! He said I would also like the blend Thermo too.
I ordered the combo pack of Spice and Peel and started taking the blends the last week of August.
I am now completely back pain free!
This is like a miracle, because I was injured as a child thrown from my horse and was stepped on several times also, I’ve had two car accidents causing serious impact and back pain.
I’ve also suffered from migraines since I was a child and haven’t had one since I started the blends!
I feel amazing!
I feel New life!
After nearly 30 years of pain I am now feeling full relief!
Thank you Gavin for what you do, and for the time and support you have shown me!
Tammy Bell (verified owner) –
Started 10/13/2019
Day 3 of taking Spice, Peel, Thermo, Matcha Tea, Pollen and Niagra while doing the 22/2. Started Luteolin on 10/23/19.
10/16/19
This morning, I woke up with NO pain in my hands. I usually wake up and my pinky finger is usually hurting and I think that it’s arthritis. I would wake up and it would hurt so badly in the morning. But for the first time in about a year NO PAIN!!! I just entered into menopause and would get horrible hot flashes at night. Last night, the amount of hot flashes were cut in half…now mind you this is only on day 3 with the blends, which are Spice, Peel, Thermo, Matcha Tea, Pine Pollen and Niagra .
10/18/19
I have noticed today that ALL inflammation is gone in my body. No bloated stomach, hands, legs, and feet. I feel really good. The only thing that’s happening and it’s totally my fault is…I’m waking up in the middle of the night to use the restroom from the 2 hours that I use to re-hydrate. I may have to change the time that I re-hydrate to the middle of the day. I believe that will alleviate the midnight bathroom visits. But other than that…I feel AMAZING!
10/20/19
Niagra!!! Lord HELP ME!!! So now I’ve been taking the blends for 6 days so far. The Niagra blend is a God send (since God created all things). For someone going through the unfortunate stage of menopause and losing her libido…Niagra has put me back in the game of intimacy with my loving husband. This blend has definitely rekindle my sexual desire towards my husband. This blend has given me this orgasmic orgasm that is out of this world…I kid you NOT!!! I mean, it’s simply AMAZING!!! This blend right here is a DIG DOG GAME CHANGER and I can’t thank Gavin enough on creating such a powerful sexual herbal blend for women. Understand, going through the change has been HELL on wheels but with this BLEND, it’s totally doable concerning the bedroom! The lack of interest is gone, my libido is coming back slowly but surely to before I started this cycle of life of menopause.
10/30/19
Sciatic nerve pain. So, I’ve been dealing with sciatica pain for about 10 years on the right side of my butt cheek. I had lower back pain, burning down my leg, difficulty moving around in the bed before I would go to sleep. I would do some exercises to try and alleviate the sciatic pain…which only helped for a short time. At one time, I was going to the chiropractor 3 times a week to get adjusted for 3 months straight. I was even considering getting cortisone injections because the pain was so serve. I even did physical therapy a couple times a week…which didn’t help at all! The doctor prescribed anti-inflammation medication that would stop me from having (my) regular bowel movements. Hell, I had to stop that, because I wouldn’t have a BM for like 5 days and would end up taking a laxative. I just realized last night while lying in the bed, that my pain is GONE!!! I don’t know which blend that’s stopping the pain BUT I’m truly thankful that the pain is gone!!! I would wake up in the middle of the night because of the pain and now…NO MORE BACK PAIN!
Garvin, words couldn’t truly express the thankfulness that I’m feeling being pain free! Thank you so much for all that you and Kristine do!
Sara Cuthbert (verified owner) –
Spice and Peel have changed my world forever!! I’m not sure how I even got through a day before I stumbled upon Interstellar Blends. I have suffered from constant pain and weight that just wouldn’t come off for decades. I limped home from work each day, calling it my ‘stanky pimp walk’ as I hobbled to my car. I lived on ibuprofen and Epsom salt soaks. Everything has changed for me now.
At first I was curious about the blends but was unwilling to spend the money. I stalked the Facebook pages and poured over the tremendous amount of information on the website. There were so many glowing reviews and the before and after albums were intriguing. Once I realized I could WIN the blends by doing the fasting challenge I was on it. I knew I would make it happen somehow. I was very concerned about doing all the walking required but I soon realized that walking wasn’t why my feet hurt, chronic inflammation was, and Interstellar blends were my new best friend.
After quite a bit of personal help from Gavin I purchased the Peel and Spice combo pack to address the ongoing pain I had been having. I can tell you that within 48 hours of taking Peel and Spice combined with the 88/8 fasting routine I was easily walking 5 miles a day ON TOP of all the walking and standing I do at my food service job. No more stanky pimp walk to my car at night! I can’t recommend these blends enough. I talk about them to anyone who will listen. I have them on my kitchen counter right next to my coffee pot. They are now a permanent part of my life.
And yes, I completed the challenge and WON $600 worth of these amazing blends. Gavin and his group are so helpful and compassionate, especially when it is obvious that you are taking yourself and this challenge seriously. Having this arsenal of blends at my fingertips is straight up empowering. If you can’t spend the cash DO THE CHALLENGE. It’s hard but it’s 100% worth it.
Amy O’Connor (verified owner) –
I was visiting my sister and her boyfriend in Austin Tx in November. He is a mechanic and has very bad arthritis. This is the second time I have seen him in pain so bad that he had trouble standing up straight. I told them about Peel and Spice and thought this could help him. He ordered soon after. Within a week his pain was gone! It amazes me that someone could suffer so long and then be pain free 7 days later! These blends are absolutely incredible!
Sudevika Okeahi (verified owner) –
I’ve struggled with fibromyalgia for over 25 years.
Many people and Dr’s have little clue how to treat it or what it is or how it’s caused.
I was treated in California, England U.K., and Hawaii.
I’ve been given so many different medications for it each one I stopped because of side affects or that they made it worse.
I was told I would just have to live with the pain and manage it best I can.
However after trying the combo blends Spice and Peel I have had the most relief ever with absolutely no side affects or unnatural ingredients harming my body!
These blends are truly a blessing and amazing!
There have been times I couldn’t walk or swim or move parts of my body without being in unbearable pain, when sleep was nearly impossible and I was drained and feeling completely hopeless.
After taking these blends I’ve been able to get my own self employment on the rise and attend to many other things I’d been putting off due to stress from the pain and anxiety. I’m beyond grateful for these blends and will continue to take them.
They have also cured cold sores I would get every year when I was sick or dehydrated I can say now they are gone completely!
Yet another thing the dr’s said couldn’t be cured.
Thank you Gavin McGowen for all your hard work and effort in helping others heal themselves!
Sudevika Okeahi (verified owner) –
These blends are brilliant!
I’ve been taking Spice and Peel together for several months and am beyond grateful.
I wish I had the money to buy them all.
Spice and Peel combo have been saving my life dealing with fibromyalgia and other stressful situations I’ve been facing.
Even a quarter tea spoon when I’m running low makes the world of a difference.
I was very busy two days ago forgot to take it also still feeling sick with Bronchopneumonia.
I was having heavy lung/chest and back pains.
I was actually feeling scared, went and made myself a cup of warm tea added Spice & Peel to it within 20 mins all pain in my back was almost completely gone.
I don’t use ibuprofen or Tylenol or anything else for the pain anymore at all only these blends.
My daughter who started kindergarten this year has been getting sick every month, I cut out almost all sweets/sugar only honey or fruits and as little sugar as possible.
Also giving her quarter teaspoon of each Blend and she’s been better.
My daughter is very picky doesn’t like the taste of spices or anything that’s strong on the taste buds.
She has a very bland taste liking.
She loves the blend with a little honey and coconut milk or cows milk.
She actually asks me to make it for her now!
I love love love these blends!
Ruth Miguel-Alleyne (verified owner) –
My second purchase of blends included Peel, Spice and Luteolin, the feeling I got from using these daily is out of this world indescribable, all I can say is that I never wish to run out of blends, ever. I even shared with my sister who took them for two weeks straight and was able to stop using her diabetic medication.
Unlike other products which contain fillers, preservatives and other unwanted or even unharmful additives, interstellar blends are 100% active ingredients and of the most excellent quality. The blends certainly speak for themselves and without hesitation I continue to recommend intersellar blends to others not only for weight loss but for general health and overall healing.
Francis Proulx (verified owner) –
“First of all I wanna thanks Gavin for everything he does for humanity. This man proved that he could crush the medical establishment in a second with his knowledge and experience.
I had hair issues for a long time now, skin problems, and a lot of soreness that last for 4-5 days after workout. For 5-6years now. I heard about his protocol on facebook. I checked it out and the only things I saw were people getting powerful transformations in no time, reverse health issues like no other, people changing their life with his blends and everything. I was kinda shocked how only positive stuff I saw from his work.
So I took a chance. I decided to buy Peel and Spice combo. God his blends are no freaking joke. First of all, 2 days before I had the blend, I had a weird cold out of nowhere. Straight up during the time of the COV crap. It was rough. The FIRST DAY, taking the combo, BAM! 12hr later no freaking cold and flu like symptoms. Felt freaking good. No more cold.
Normally my hair a falling out like leaves in October months, its crazy. In like 1 Week only it’s stopped 50%, 2 weeks it has stop falling totally. My nails are getting freaking hard. My skin irritation and rash down to 75%. I cant wait to see next weeks.
Now Im working out a lot harder and in 1 days no more soreness. This shit is POWERFUL! NO JOKE. I didn’t even try his other blends, I cant wait
I cant thank Gavin enough for that. This dude is a GENIUS. Lets try Nebula, and Trinity why not? 😉 Cant wait to see where its gonna take me because even with only peels and spices my health had a total switch. Feeling a lot more clear and clean. I HIGHLY recommend it to try it for yourself and know the truth 👌🙏 Thanks Gavin!”
Sangeetha –
I have been a member of the group for more than a year now, but got my first blends in December 2019. I have NOT been taking the blends regularly though.
In 2012 I fell down the connecting bridge step down in Frankfurt Germany and ended up with a 3rd tear in my ligaments and tendons. The first 4 years were seamless, but the last 4 years slowly turned up hell. With several treatments along with Ayurveda as well, the only option I had was surgery. This impaired my ability to do daily chores severely let alone participating in challenges here. Being able to walk well was more important than weight loss for me. I need to lose about 40lbs.
So finally had my surgery on July 2, 2020 for a complete reconstruction of left ankle ligaments and tendons. I have 3 screws on my ankle and was planned on boots & braces for 8 weeks followed by 6 more weeks of complete rest. The plan was almost for 14 weeks+.
From July 5th onward, I started taking 1 tsp of peel & spice each twice a day, regularly. I stopped pain medicines on July 7th itself, as I didn’t need them anymore. 2 weeks later I was off boots and started physiotherapy with lace-up braces. My surgeon was surprised to see zero swelling and pain. I am 5 weeks post-op, and I am cleared for PT without any support. The only addition I am doing is massaging ayurvedic oils on my ankle twice a day. My recovery is straight away cut down by almost 4 weeks. I am advised 5 more weeks of not much moving and more rest (new total of 10 weeks post-op).
The second benefit I have noticed is, I am able to fast for 16 hours a day with just peel and spice and occasionally Autophagy. I can’t thank Gavin enough for 1) for the blends themselves and 2)responding to me day or night and putting up with my silly questions over chat. My heartfelt thank you brother!
At the end of this second 5 weeks, I want to be able to be ready for taking the challenges of this group. Planning to take blends 4 times a day starting tomorrow (8/8/20) and see how well I am able to prepare for the challenges after Sept 15th.
I am happy I made the investment and looking forward for the weight loss era now. THANKS GAVIN!!! GOD BLESS YOU!!
Ann Stiefel –
I CANT THANK YOU ENOUGH! One month ago I broke a rib processing firewood. I’m 59 years old, and have been healthy and active all my life. I lift, train with kettle bells, and have 20 years of martial arts experience, Aikido, Kendo and Karate. I’m no stranger to pain. I’ve recently been struggling with rheumatoid arthritis, as if the broken rib pain weren’t enough. ALL my joints ached, and the busted rib made it hard to breathe, and sleep, or cough. NOTHING HELPED, not meds, not edibles, not my hot tub or massage. Then I found this site.
Gavin recommended I try Spice and Peel for their anti inflammatory pain relieving properties. My order couldn’t get to me fast enough! In LESS THAN A WEEK it arrived! I did exactly what the directions said and gradually increased my dose. Took it three times a day and gradually, within 5 days or so, my rib pain was GONE! Seriously? My Dr. said it would be 6 to 8 weeks! In addition, my arthritis pain and joint aches disappeared. Seriously. Now here’s the good part. I wanted to see if it was all in my head, if this stuff was REALLY helping me to that degree, so I stopped taking the blends for a few days. Bad move. Mind you, I’m eat paleo keto. I take top of the line supplements. Clean, no booze, no weed, no meds. The only thing I did different was stop the blends. My rib is fine, healed, no pain. But the RA came back with a vengeance. My joints were on fire, hips, hands, shoulders all ache like hell. I had to be sure. I will NEVER DO THAT AGAIN.
Moral of the story is this stuff is the real deal. Believe it. Peel and Spice changed my life. I’m never going without ever again. Ever. Thank you Gavin! I know I’ll live longer now and my QUALITY OF LIFE will be so much better. I’m forever in your debit.
Sudevika Okeahi (verified owner) –
This is an amazing product! I’ve been taking it now for over a year and can’t live without it!
I have fibromyalgia and this keeps the pain completely controlled. It’s also helped my condition overall and I’ve gotten a lot better since taking it. I’ve recently ordered these blends for my daughter who lives in England. She absolutely loves taking them in her tea or coffee. She is pain free & feels a lot of new energy and her sugar levels are normal. She was getting headaches after eating sugar and immune system always breaking down getting sick a lot. Now since taking these blends she feels great and hasn’t been sick! Thank you.
Grace Lambdin –
I started using peel and spice after months of having a horrific face allergy that just would not go away! within a week of using peel and spice my allergy went completely away and didn’t come back! I’m so thankful to get rid of that awful allergy!
Grace Lambdin (verified owner) –
I had been struggling with a face allergy, I would wake up with red patchy spots all over my face and neck. I could not figure out what I was allergic to but I consistently would get this eczema type rash for almost 4 months.
I tried everything, Benadryl, oils, cremes, moisturizers and could not get this rash to go away. My aunt uses interstellar and she suggested I try peel and spice. I thought what’s the harm in trying nothing else has worked and so she gave me a sample of some of hers. Within 3 days my face was cleared up completely!! I ran out of the sample and had not taken it for a few days and noticed the rash coming back. I decided to buy some right away because the impact it was having on my skin! I have always had dry and sensitive skin but this blend has been amazing I have noticed a huge difference! I definitely recommend it has impacted my life so much i’m so thankful my rash is gone and that my face is clearer! Thank you interstellar blend!!